THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


' 


THE 


REPORTER'S  MANUAL 


YOCABULARY. 


BY    BENN    PITMAN    AND     R  .  P  .  PR  O  S  SE  R  ,   A  .     B. 


PUBLISHED  BY  BENN  PITMAN; 
PHONOGRAPHIC   INSTITUTE,  COR.  FIFTH  &  JOHN; 
1855. 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1853, 

BY  BEXN  PITMAN  AND  R.  P.  PROSSER, 
In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  Ohio. 


Stereotyped  by  C.  F.  O'DRISCOLL,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


TO 

ISAAC   PITMAN.  ESQ. , 

THE   INVENTOR    OF    PHONOGRAPHY, 

BY     WHOSE     GENIUS,     ENERGY,     AND     SACRIFICES, 

THE    SYSTEM    HAS    BEEN    BROUGHT 
TO     ITS     PRESENT     STATE     OF     COMPARATIVE     PERFECTION, 

THIS    WORK 

IS    RESPECTFULLY    AND    AFFECTIONATELY    DEDICATED 
BY   THE    AUTHORS, 

BENN  PITMAN. 
R.  P.  PROSSER. 

Phonographic  Institute,  Cincinnati,  0. 
January,  1854. 


INTRODUCTION. 


1 .  The  present  work  consists  of  the  following  divisions: 

1st.  An  Exposition  of  the  principles  of  abbreviation,  employed  in 
Phonographic  Keporting,  and  practical  hints  to  aid  the  student 
in  the  acquirement  of  Verbatim  Writing. 

2nd.  A  Vocabulary  of  Reporting  Grammalogues,  Contracted 
Words,  Phraseograms,  Words  of  Common  Occurrence,  or 
Difficult  Formation,  and  Words  that  may  be  written  in 
two  or  more  ways,  (one  only  of  which  is  admissible,) 
alphabetically  arranged. 

3rd.  A  Series  of  Progressive  Exercises,  wherein  the  Phonographer 
is  gradually  led  from  the  simplest  to  the  most  abbreviated 
style  of  Phonographic  Reporting. 

2.  The  advantages  secured  by  an  alphabetical  list  of  the  materiel 
employed  in  Phonographic  Reporting,  are  so  apparent,  that  it  is  sur- 
prising such  an  arrangement  has  not  been  previously  adopted.     The 
Vocabulary  contains  all  that  is  to  be  found  in  Mr.  Isaac  Pitman's 
Reporter's  Companion,  together  with  a  variety  of  Phraseography,  Ab- 
breviations, etc.,  which  have  been  used  and  satisfactorily  tested  by  the 
ablest  Phonographic  Reporters,  but  which  have  not  heretofore  found 
their  way  into  any  printed  list. 

3.  When  the  student  of  Phonography  has  mastered  the  elementary 
style,  and  is  filled  with  ardor  to  gain  that  ease  and  dashing  free- 
dom which  must  be  acqtiired,  ere  the  fluent  speaker  can  be  chased 
with  success,  he  finds  each  successive  step  attended  with  embarrass- 
ment and  toil.     He  attempts  to  write  from  dictation,  but,  probably, 
for  every  alternate  word  he  has  to  search  the  Eeyorter's  Companion 
for  the  best  and  briefest  mode  of  writing  it.     With  no  assistance,  save 
that  derived  from  published  books,  the  progress  of  the  student  is  ne- 


METHOD    OF    PRACTICE. 


cessarily  tardy:  the  time  spent  in  practising  is  not  productive  of  th» 
satisfactory  results  that  might,  by  other  means,  be  obtained;  and  un- 
less he  be  endowed  with  unusual  perseverance,  the  long  cherished 
hope  of  being  a  verbatim  writer,  may  be  relinquished  in  despair. 

4.  A  work  is  needed  which  shall  not  only  provide  the  Reporter  with 
a  standard  of  reference,  but  which  shall  furnish  the  learner  with  a  se- 
ries of  reporting  exercises,  so  simply  and  progressively  arranged,  that 
if  lie  reads  and  copies  them  according  to  the  directions  given,  he  can- 
not fail  to  acquire  rapidity  and  ease  in  far  less  time  than  would  he  pos- 
sible without  them.  That  object,  it  is  believed,  is  attained  in  the 
present  work. 

METHOD  OF  PRACTICE. 

5.  The  progressive  lessons  in  the  third  section  of  this  work,  are 
the  first  exercises  that  will  engage  the  attention  of  the  learner.      The 
proficient  may  glance  at  them;  he  may  even  allow  his  fingers  to  trace 
the  forms  in  sheer  enjoyment  of  the  marvellous  beauty  and  complete- 
ness which  the  system  has  attained;  but  the  student  will  write,  and 
re-write  them.     He  must  write  each  sentence,  twenty,  fifty,  nay,  one 
hundred  times.     He  who  has  to  acquire  the  art  of  verbatim  writing, 
will  make  it  a  rule  never  to  leave  a  word  or  phrase  till  it  can  be  writ- 
ten with  ease.      To  pass  from  one  sentence  to  another,  before  it  is 
thoroughly  mastered,  is  idleness;  to  expect  that  freedom  of  execution 
will  be  acquired  by  so  doing,  is  folly.     Happily,  there  is  a  way  to 
become  proficient  in  this  much  coveted  art;  but  from  personal  expe- 
rience, we  know  the  extreme  difficulty  of  inducing  the  majority  to 
accept  this  one  way  as  their  method  of  practice.     It  is  the  one  we 
have  named;  and  its  adoption  will  make  the  entire  difference  between 
those  who  succeed,  and  those  who  do  not. 

6.  The  Student  must  not  however  permit  his  desire  to  write  rap- 
idly, exceed  his  determination  to  write  correctly.     He  will  be  hin- 
dered rather  than  forwarded  if  he  writes  in  so  careless  a  style  as  to 
render  his  manuscript  illegible.     The  same  rule  holds  in  short- 
hand as  in  long-hand;  he  that  first  learns  to  write  well,  will,  in  the 
course  of  time,  write  both  well  and  quickly ;  whereas  he  that  at  the 
commencement,  aims  at  swiftness,  regardless  of  truth  of  form,  will 
never  write  well;   and  though  he  may  write  quickly  he  will  never 


METHOD   OF   PRACTICE. 

be  able  to  read  what  he  writes  with  aiiy  certainty;  and  if  he  cannot 
do  this  he  might  almost  as  well  not  write  at  all. 

7.  Brief  sentences  have  been  chosen  for  the  first  exercises  in  re- 
porting, that  they  may  be  easily  retained  in  the  memory,  so  that  the 
mind  may  not  be  distracted  with  the  matter,  when  it  should  be  enga- 
ged in  the  study  of  its  form.     The  student  will  first  copy  them,  sen- 
tence by  sentence  in  the  way  we  have  recommended;  and  when  he  is 
perfectly  familiar  with  the  entire  lesson,  he  may   write  it,  from 
another  person's  reading.     The  whole  of  the  lessons  and  addresses 
contained  in  this  work  must  be  written  out  in  this   manner,  after 
which,    the    best  practice    will  be  to  write  from  another's   dicta- 
tion.    An  hour's  practice  in  this  manner  is  more  beneficial  than  a 
whole  day's  copying  from  a  book.     Where  there  are  not  frequent  op- 
portunities for  reporting  sermons,  etc.,  a  reader  for  private  practice 
is  indispensible.     It  is  sometimes  difficult  to  find  a  friend  for  this 
purpose,  but  an  intelligent  lad  may  be  obtained,  who,  for  a  trifling 
compensation  will  gladly  read  for  an  hour  or  two  daily. 

8.  When  the  phonographcr  first  essays  to  report  a  sermon  or  lec- 
ture, he  will  most  likely  be  unable  to  secure  it  entire.     His  determi- 
nation should  be,   to  take   down  only  so  much  as  can  be  readily 
deciphered  afterwards.     To  write  a  word  here  and  there,  or  to  take 
down  portions  of  sentences, — breaking  off  in  the  middle  of  one  and 
commencing  another  with  the  speaker,  is  highly  objectionable:  the 
student's  object  should  be  to  secure  complete  sentences,  if  by  so  doing 
he  only  writes  one  in  ten.     By  the  latter  plan,  he  will  be  able  to  read 
what  he  writes;  the  sense  of  the  speaker  will  be  secured,  as  far  as  the 
report  extends;  the  mind  will  be  called  into  more  active  exercise,  and 
the  art  of  verbatim  writing  will  be  more  speedily  attained. 

9.  In  reporting  speeches,  the  student  should  accustom  himself  to 
write  several  words  behind  the  speaker.     In  following  rapid  speak- 
ers, this  will  sometimes  necessarily  be  the  case,  and  unless  he  has 
accustomed  himself  to  do  so  in  his  usual  reporting,  he  will  now  ex- 
perience some  difficulty  in  recovering  lost  ground.        A  practised 
writer  should  be  able,  when  necessary,   to  write  twelve  or  fifteen 
words  behind  the  speaker. 

10.  The  Reporter  will  derive  great  assistance  in  deciphering  his 
notes  if  he  accustoms  himself  to  leave  spaces  in  writing,  correspond- 
ing with  the  pauses  made  in  speech. 


8  PROPER   INSTRUMENTS    AND   THEIR   USE. 

11.  Facility  in  reading  is  as  essential  as  rapidity  in  writing;  the 
latter,  indeed,  will  prove  of  little  utility  without  the  former.     To  this 
end,  eveiy  report  should  be  read  after  being  taken  and  all  errors  care- 
fnlly  noted,  that  they  may  not  be  repeated.     When  reports  are  to  be 
laid  aside  for  future  reading,  it  is  advisable  to  vocalize  all  doubtful 
words,  so  that  the  report  may  be  easily  deciphered  when  the  subject 
of  the  discourse  is  forgotten. 

12.  The  Reporting  Grammalogues,  Contractions,  etc.,  are  most  ea- 
sily committed  to  memory  by  forming  short  sentences,  including  as 
many  of  them  as  possible,  and  writing  each  sentence  nntil  every  word 
in  it  is  thoroughly  mastered.     The  following  may  serve  as  examples: 
His  principle  is  to  perfect  himself  by  practice: — The  baseness  of  his 
business  transactions  accounts  for  his  absence: — Perhaps  it  was  for 
this  purpose  he   declined  our  proposition: — It  is  a  pity  that  piety 
should  not  be  in  better  repute. 

13.  Before  the  Phonographer  has  mustered  sufficient  courage  to 
use  his  reporting  case  in  church,  or  in  the  lecture-room,  he  may  with 
great  advantage,  attempt  to  follow  the  speaker  by  tracing  the  phono- 
graphic outlines  upon  his  knee,  with  his  forefinger.     He  may  also, 
in  imagination,  or  with  his  finger,  trace  the  words  of  the  hymn  as  it 
is  sung  by  the  choir.      Occasionally,  portions  of  the  conversation  of 
those  around  may  be  written  down  in  the  same  manner. 

PROPER  INSTRUMENTS  AND  THEIR  USE. 

14.  The  Phonographer  should,  in  his  practice,  accustom  himself 
to  the  occasional  use  of  both  pen  and  pencil.     For  practical  reporting 
there  is  nothing  so  effective  as  a  gold  pen,  when  a  good  and  suitable 
instrument  can  be  obtained.     As  a  general  rule,  we  recommend  the 
nse  of  the  pencil  when  notes  have  to  be  taken  upon  the  knee,  but  pen 
and  ink  when  a  table  or  desk  is  provided.      Pencil  writing  is  not 
quite  so  legible  as  notes  taken  in  ink;  and  if  they  have  to  be  trans- 
cribed by  night,  as  is  often  the  case  with  professional  reporters,  the 
eyes  will  be  less  liable  to  be  affected  by  the  strain  required  in  deci- 
phering them. 

15.  The  opinions  of  phonographers  are  divided  as  to  the  best  me- 
thod of  holding  the  pen  or  peucil.     Our  own  conviction  is,  that  with 
an  equal  amount  of  practice,  it  is  decidedly  the  better  plan  to  hold  it 


PRINCIPLES    OF    ABBREVIATION 


between  the  first  and  second  fingers,  keeping  it  in  place  by  a  slight 
pressure  of  the  thumb.  Were  phonographic  strokes  inclined  in  a  uni- 
form direction,  as  is  the  case  in  ordinary  long-hand,  it  would  be  bet- 
ter to  hold  the  pen  or  pencil  in  the  usual  manner,  that  is,  between 
the  thumb  aud  first  finger;  but  as  the  most  frequently  recurring  lines 
in  Phonography  are  struck  in  a  vertical,  or  horizontal  direction,  or 
slope  down  towards  the  right,  the  pen  or  pencil  should  be  held  as  we 
have  suggested.  In  this  position  there  is  a  much  freer  action  of  the 
muscles  of  the  hand,  and  less  liability  of  fatiguing  the  thumb  and 
fingers  when  a  lengthy  report  has  to  be  taken. 

16.  In  transcribing  notes,  and  indeed  for  all  ordinary  writing, 
where  speed  and  distinctness  are  of  importance,  it  will  be  found  to  be 
the  better  plan  to  hold  the  pen  or  pencil  as  here  recommended,  keep- 
ing the  elbow  out,  as  for  drawing,  or  in  that  position  in  which  a  ver- 
tical line  is  most  easily  struck,  writing  an  upright  or  what  is  termed 
a  back  hand.     Far  greater  speed,  ease,  and  distinctness  are  thus  ob- 
tained than  by  following  the  usual  practice. 

17.  Reporting  Covers,  that  is,  stiff,  leather  covered  cases,  for  hold- 
ing the  reporting  paper,  with  an  elastic  baud  stitched  to  the  back  for 
keeping  the  paper  in  place,  about  8%  in.  by  4%,  will  be  needful 
for  the  Reporter,  furnishing  the  most  convenient  desk  to  lay  upon 
the  knee  when  taking  notes.     These  cases  open  lengthwise,  and  notes 
should  be  taken  only  on  the  lower  leaves.      When  the  paper  is  filled 
up  in  one  direction,   the  writer  will   commence  at  the  other  end, 
following  the  same  plan. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  ABBREVIATION. 

18.  The  reporting  system  of  Phonography,  has,  by  the  suggestions 
of  thousands  of  practical  writers,  been  brought  to  a  state  of  wonder- 
ful and  beautiful  completeness.      In  it  will  be  found  none  of  those 
arbitrary  contractions  and  symbols  which  abound  in  every  system  of 
mere  shorthand,  and  which  have  io  be  multiplied  a  hundred-fold  by 
every  stenographic  reporter,  before  he  is  enabled  to  follow  a  fluent 
speaker  with  success.     Phonography  is  equal  to  the  requirements  of 
the  language,  and  hence  there  is  no  necessity  to  resort  to  this  unsatis- 
factory method  of  writing  words.     Indeed  the  admission  of  a  single 
arbitrary  character  into  the  system,  would  be  an  evidence  of  its  insuf- 


10  HUXCIPLES    OF    ABBREVIATION. 


ficiency  to  represent  the  language  with  alphabetic  consistency. 

19.  The  rejection  of  the  Romanic,  and  the  substitution  of  a  strict- 
ly Phonetic  alphabet,  as  the  basis  of  Phonography,  marks  an  epoch 
in  the  history  of   Stenographic  writing.     This  consistency,  happi- 
ly, is  not  gained  by  a  sacrifice  of  brevity.     Phonography  combines  a 
brevity  and  legibility  far  exceeding  that  attained  by  any  system  of 
shorthand  ever  devised.      Phonographic  Reporting  now  pn-- 
legibility,  which,  a  few  years  ago,  even  to  its  inventor  seemed  impos- 
sible of  attainment.      In  deciphering  a  page  of  Phonographic  report- 
ing, with  scarcely  a  single  vowel  inserted,  there  is  almost  the  same 
certainty  and  ease,  as  in  reading  the  ordinary  long-hand. 

20.  The  Reporting  System  of  Phonography  depends  for  its  brev- 
ity and  legibility  upon  the  adoption  of  the  following  principle: — 

1st.  Writing  words  in  three  positions;  by  which  means  the  pri- 
mary vowel  in  a  given  word,  may  be  indicated  without 
being  actually  inserted. 

2nd.  An  extensive  use  of  Phraseography;  that  is,  the  joining  of 
two  or  more  words  into  phrases  without  lifting  the  pencil 
from  the  paper. 

3rd.  The  nse  of  contractions,  or  portions  of  long  words,  such  con- 
tractions being,  in  most  cases,  suggestive  of  the  omitted 
portion  of  the  word. 

4th.  Writing  words  containing  the  same  consonants,  by  a  differ- 
ence of  position,  or  of  outline. 

21.  The  doubling  of  curved  consonants  adds  thr,  also  the  grarn- 
malogues  their  or  there.     A  variety  of  brief  and  useful  phrases  are 
thus  obtained;  such  as,  will  there  or  their,  are  there,  when  there,  etc. 
See  Lesson  4. 

22.  The,  the  most  frequent  word  in  the  English  language,  may 
be  conveniently  joined  to  a  number  of  words,  by  a  short  slanting 
stroke,  written  either  upwards  or  downwards,  according  as  it  forms 
the  most  acute  angle.     See  Reporting  Exercises. 

23.  The  connective  phrase  of  the,  which  merely  indicates  that  the 
following  noun  is  in  the  possessive  case,  is  intimated  by  writing  the 
words  between  which  it  occurs,  near  to  each  other.     See  Lesson  5. 


POSITIONS    OF    WORDS.  11 


POSITIONS  OF  WORDS. 

24.  The   Corresponding   Style  of  Phonography  is  written  on  a 
line,  either  real  or  imaginary,  which  runs  at  the  base  of  single  up- 
right characters,  a  difference  of  position  being  recognized  only  for 
horizontal  and  half-sized  consonants.     In  the  Reporting  Style  how- 
ever, three  positions  are  recognized  for  all  characters;  the  position  of 
a  word  being  determined  by  its  primary  or  accented  vowel.     Words 
containing  first  place  vowels,  occupy  the  first  position;  those  with  sec- 
ond place  vowels,  occupy  the  second  position;  and  those  with  third 
place  vowels,  the  third.     By   the  adoption  of  this  plan,  few  or  no 
vowels  need  be  inserted,  and  yet  the  writing  be  perfectly  legible. 

25.  To  secure  this  legibility,  paper  ruled  with  double  lines,  about 
an  eighth  of  an  inch  apart,  must  be  used.     Those  who  are  accustom- 
ed to  a  large  style  of  writing,  require  the  lines  somewhat  wider  apart. 
By  the  use  of  double  line  paper,  alone,  can  accuracy  be  combined 
with  brevity;  and  its  use  tends  to  greater  uniformity  in  writing.    We 
have  generally  found  the  writing  of  those  Reporters  who  have  habit- 
ually used  plain,  or  single  line  paper,  wanting  in  neatness  and  preci- 
sion.    The  reporting  of  MR.  HENRY  PITMAN,  MR.  REED,  of  London, 
and  other  rapid  writers  we  could  name,  (who  have  for  some  years 
been  accustomed  to  double  line  paper,)  is  characterized  by  extreme 
neatness  and  regularity. 

26.  FULL  SIZED  UPRIGHT,  AND  SLOPING  CHARACTERS,  are  written, 

Through  the  upper  line,  for  the  first  position; 
Between  the  lines,  for  the  second  position; 
Through  the  lower  line,  for  the  third  position. 

HORIZONTAL   AND    HALF    SIZED    CHARACTERS,  ai'6  written, 

Immediately  below  the  upper  line,  for  the  first  position; 

Resting  on  the  lower  line,  for  the  second  position; 

Immediately  below  the  lower  line,  for  the  third  position. 
V3T    These  positions   refer  to  single  consonants,   or  to   the  first 
consonant  in  combinations. 

27.  It  will  be  observed  that  no  half-sized   upright,   or  sloping 
character  is  written  through  the  upper  line:  this  is  reserved  for  the 


12  GENERAL   RULES    FOR    WRITING. 

first  position  of  full-sized  characters.  No  horizontal  character  is 
written  above  the  upper  line.  In  the  English  publications  it  is  re- 
commended to  write  the  third  place  half-sized  characters  through  the 
lower  line;  greater  distinctness,  however,  is  secured,  by  writing  them 
immediately  below. 

28.  In  determining  the  position  which  words  should  occupy, 
more  especially  of  upright  and  sloping  combinations,  it  must  be  borne 
in  mind  that  the  first  and  third  positions  are  generally  less  con- 
venient than  the  second.  To  write  such  words  as,  decide,  derive, 
in  the  first  position,  and  gravity,  newspaper,  in  the  third,  would  be 
an  inconvenience  in  writing  that  would  not  be  counterbalanced  by 
greater  ease  in  reading.  In  all  other  cases  where  an  unvocalized 
word  can  be  determined  only  by  the  position  it  occupies,  as,  for 
example,  real,  roll,  rule,  etc.,  it  is  advisable  to  adhere  strictly  to  the 
rule  of  vowel-position. 

GENERAL  RULES  FOR  WRITING. 

29.  Words  containing  only  a  single  stroke  phonograph,  that  are 
not  grammalogues,  should,  as  a  rule,  be  vocalized.        For  instance, 
P,  in  the  first  position,  represents  weep,  and  when  such  comparatively 
rare  words  as  paw,  pie,  pea,  occur,  it  is  the  safest  plan  to  insert  the 
vowel. 

30.  In  those  few  words  in  which  a  vowel  occurs  before  and  after 
a  single  consonant,  as  obey,  awry,  write  both  vowels,  if  possible.     If, 
however,  only  one  can  be  written,  the  accented  vowel  should  be  ex- 
pressed.      (See  "obey,"  "obeyed,"  etc.    Yocab.)      If  one'  vowel  is 
single,  and  the  other  double,  the  latter  should  be  written,  whether 
accented  or  not.     (See  "idea,"  etc.    Vocab.) 

31.  INITIAL  VOWELS.     In  words  commencing  with  a  vowel,  if 
of  two  or  more  consonants,  the  initial  vowel  should  be  written,  whe- 
ther accented  or  not.      This  rule,  of  course,   does  not  include  the 
numerous  words  of  this  class  to  be  found  in  the  VOCABULARY,  the 
outlines  of  which  are  sufficiently  distinct,  as  they  are  written,  to  pre- 
vent confusion.      Nor  does  it  apply  to  words  commencing  with  the 
stroke  S,  L,  or  E,  where  the  presence  of  an  initial  vowel  is  indicated 
by  the  outline. 

3%.     TERMINATING    ZD.     Words  terminating  with  the  sound  zd, 


GENERAL   RULES   FOR   WRITING.  13 

as  canned,  pleased,  etc.,  are  best  with  the  circle  and  d,  rather  than 
the  thickened  loop.      (See  "caused,"  etc.,   Vocab.} 

33.  TERMINATION  ING.     When  the  termination  ing  follows  the 
circle  s,  as  in  commencing,  expressing,  etc.,  it  is  generally  the  best 
plan  to  use  the  consonant  ing. 

34.  PRESENT  AND  PAST  TENSES.      The  present  and  past  tenses 
of  verbs,  that  are  represented  by  logograms  and  contractions,  may 
usually  be  written  alike.     (See  "  astonish-  ed,"  "  represent-ed,"  etc., 
Vocab.)     Subjected  should  be  written  with  an  added  d,  that  it  may 
not  clash  with  subject.      If  a  logogram  represents  the  whole  of  the 
consonants  in  a  word,  it  should  be  shortened  for  the  past  tense.     (See 
"occasion-ed,"  etc.,  J'ocai.) 

35.  PREFIXES   CON.  AND  COM.     The  dots  for  the  Prefixes  con, 
com,  and  accom,  together  with  the  terminations  ly,  and  ing,  may  fre- 
quently be  omitted,  without  any  danger  of  illegibility.     They  should 
however,  be  written  in  short  words;  such  as  convey,  contest,  truly,  etc. 

36.  FIGURES.    Figures  are  best  written  with  the  ordinary  numer- 
als.    Their  distinctive  character  renders  them  conspicuous  amongst 
the  Phonographic  writing: — a  great  advantage  when  notes  have  to  be 
often  referred  to.     One,  two,  and  three,  when  used  separately,  should 
generally  be  written  by  their  phonographs.      When  several  noughts 
occur,  it  is  a  saving  of  time  for  the  number  represented  by  them  to 
be  expressed  in  Phonography.     (See  Lesson  5.) 

37.  SCRIPTURE  REFERENCES.     In  quotations  from  the  Scriptures, 
it  is  best  to  indicate  the  Book,  Chapter,  and  Verse,  by  writing  the 
Book  or  Epistle  in  the  first  position,  the  Chapter  in  the  second,  and 
the  Verse  in  the  third.      This  will  prevent  any  danger  of  ambiguity, 
which  might  otherwise  arise  from  the  different  order  in  which  these 
are  often  given  by  the  speaker. 

38.  OMISSIONS.      Should  a  word  te  heard  indistinctly,  or  any 
doubt  arise  as  to  its  correctness,  the  fact  may  be  indicated  by  striking 
an  oval  around  it,  or  by  making  a  cross  beneath  it.      If  a  word,  or 
part  of  a  sentence  should  be  entirely  lost,  a  caret  may  be  made,  and 
a  space  left,  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  words  omitted. 

39.  CAN  AND  CANNOT.     As  the  phonographs  for  can  and  cannot, 
when  they  are  used  in  Phraseography,   differ  only  in  length,  can 
should  be  rather  longer,  and  cannot,  rather  shorter,  than  usual,  to 


14  GENERAL   RULES    FOR   WRITING. 

prevent  the  possibility  of  mistaking  one  word  for  the  other. 

40.  INITIAL  AND.      A  short  horizontal  stroke,  about  the  length 
of  a  stroke  vowel,   prefixed  to  another  word,   when  such  a  stroke 
will  form  a  convenient  angle  therewith,  is   used  to  express  and. 
It  should  however,  be  used  somewhat  sparingly,  and  only  when  the 
writer  perceives  that  it    will  not  lead  to   uncertainty  in  reading. 
This  stroke  may  also  be  joined  to  the  tick  the,  and  the  frequently 
recurring  phrase  and  the,  be  represented  thus  "  =-  ". 

41.  POSITIVE   AND  NEGATIVE  WORDS.       Positive  and   negative 
words    containing  the  same  consonants,  are  thus  distinguished;  — 
When  the  word  commences  with  r,    (except  this  letter  is  followed 
by  m,)  write  the  upward  r  for  the  positive  word,  and  the  downward  r 
for  the  negative.     (See  "responsible,"  "irresponsible;''  "resolute," 
"  irresolute."       Vocab.  )       In  all  other  cases,  not  found  in  the 
VOCABULARY;  the  initial  vowel  in  the  negative  must  be  written.    The 
initial  vowel  should  be  inserted  first,  that  it  may  not  be  omitted  in 
rapid  writing. 

42.  INITIAL  L.     When  a  word  contains  no  other  consonant  than 
1-k,  (and  any  compound  consonant  derived  from  #,)  or  l-m,  (and  any 
compound  derived  from  »?,)  the  downward  /  is  used  if  a  vowel  pre- 
cedes, and  the  upward  /,  if  no  vowel  precedes.       (See  "clement," 
"lament, "  etc.,   Vocal.} 

43.  INITIAL  R.      When  r  is  the  only  consonant  in  a  word,  or 
is  the  first  consonant,  use  the  up-stroke  r  if  a  vowel  follows,  and 
the  down-stroke  if  a  vowel  precedes.      This  rule  is  not  observed 
in  writing  such  words  as  earth,  arch,  room,  etc.,  as  awkward  forms 
would  result  from  so  doing. 

44.  FINAL  L.     Final  /  is  written  either  upward  or  downward, 
as  is  most  convenient.     The  following  practice  is  found  to  yield  the 
balance  of  advantages. 

After p,  6,  t,  d,  ch,j,  k,  g,  th,  s  (stroke),  s,  sh  (upward), 
r  (downward),  /  and  m,  and  their  derivatives,  use  the  up- 
ward /. 

After  sk,  sh  (downward),  z?t,  11,  ny,  and  their  derivatives, 
use  the  downward  /. 

After  /,  v,  r  (upward),  write  the  /  downwards,  when  it 
terminates  the  word,  and  upwards  when  the  vowel  is  final. 


EXPLANATIONS.  15 

45.  FINAL  R.     As  a  general  rule,  final  r  is  written  downward 
when  it  terminates  a  word,  and  upwards  when  a  vowel  is  final. 

After  y,  v,  th,  and  m,  the   upstroke  should  be  used  in 
all  cases. 

When  r  follows  two  descending  letters  as  in  future,  pre- 
pare, write  it  upwards. 

R-R,  at  the  end  of  a  word  is  written,  with  the  upward  R  repeated. 
(See  "superior,"  "inferior,"  etc.,  Vocal.') 

46.  TERMINATING  -L-TY  AND  -R-TY.    Any  letter  disjoined  from 
that  which  precedes  it  represents  the  added  termination  -l-ty  or  -r-ty, 
as  in  "legality,"  " plurality,"  "vulgarity,"  "prosperity."    (See  these 
and  other  words  in  the  Vocal).} 

The  termination  mental,  may  be  indicated  by  disjoining  the  half- 
sized  meat.     (See  "fundamental," etc.,  Focad.) 


EXPLANATIONS. 

1.  The  figures  in  the   VOCABULARY  refer  to  the  positions  the 
words  occupy  in  writing. 

2.  When  a  word  and  its  derivatives  are  represented  by  the  same 
form,  they  are  usually  printed  in  one  line;  thus,  "  Baptis-m-t-ed," 
which  signifies  that  Baptism,  baptist,  and  baptised,  are  represented 
by  the  same  character. 

3.  When  words  are  separated  by  a  comma,   without  any  figure, 
they  are  represented  by  the  same  engraved  form. 

4.  The  dotted  lines  in  the  engraved  pages  indicate  the  lower  line 
of  double  ruled  paper:  full-sized  words,  therefore,  that  are  placed 
above  it,  would  be  written  through  the  upper  line,  and  half-sized 

words  immediately  below  it. 

B.  P. 


VOCABULAEY. 


VOCABULARY. 


AGO 

A,    Ah! 

Able 

Able  to,  bold 

Abode,  bodyl 
About 
About  it 

About  its 

About  sucb  things 

About  that 

About  that  whicn  is 
About  the 
About  their  own 

About  them 
About  this  time 
About  which 

About  your  own 
Abroad',  broad,  brought 
Absence,  baseness  2 

Absolute,  obsolete  1 

Abundance 

Abundant 

Abundantly 
Abuse  (n.  and  v.) 
Accelerate 

Access,  excess  9 

Accessible 

Accession,  acquisition  1 

Accessory 

Accident 

I  Accidental 

i      is 


ACT 

Accompany,  company  2 

Accomplish 

Accord 

Accordance 
According-to,  creature 
Account 

Accrue 

Accrued 

Accuracy 

Accurate,  court  2 
Accusation,  accession  2 
Accuse 

Accused 

Acknowledge 

Acknowledged 

Acquaint 

Acquaintance 

Acquainted 

Acquiesce,  chaos  2 
Acquired,  awkward 
Acquisition,  accession  2 

Acquit,  quiet  1,  acute  3 

Act 

Act  of  Congress 

Acted 
Action 
Acts  of  Congress 

Actual 

Actuate 

Actuated 


A6A 

Acute,  quiet  1,  acquit  2 
Adamant,  diamond  1 
Add,  had,  due 

Added,  had  had 
Addition,  condition  2 
Additional 

Adequate,  educate  2 

Admiuist-ered-rate 

Administration 

Administrator 
Admiralty 
Admonish,  diminish  1 

Admonition,  diminution  1 
Adulation,  delusion  3 
Adultery 

Advantage,  age 
Advantageous 
Advert,  divert  1 

Advertise 
Advertisement 
Advised,  devised  1 

Affect,  fact,  effect  2 
Affluence 
Affluent,  fluent  2 

Afford,  fort  2 
After,  fate 
After  that 

After  which 
Afterwards 
Asrain.  train 


ACT 

3 


AGA 


~1 


ALR 


n 


AND 


APP 


XI 


/• 


V  --  X 


^—  > 


-o? 


.\   .V 
L 
C 


V 

M 

'V 


V,     > 


ALR                              AND                               APP 

Again  nud  again 

Also 

And  with  the 

Against 

Alteration,  alliteration  2 

Animal 

Age,  advantage 

Altered,  lettered  2 

Anniversary 

Agent 

Although 

Announce 

Ago 

Altitude 

Announced 

Agree,  degree 

Altogether 

Annoyance 

Agreed 

Always 

Anonymous,  unanimous  2 

Agriculture 

Am 

Another 

Ah!  a 

Amaze 

Answered 

Ahead 

Amazed 

Anterior,  interior  2 

Ailment,  aliment  3 

Amazement,  amusement  3 

Antichrist 

Alabama 

Amelioration 

Anticipate 

Alarm 

America 

Anticipation 

Alcohol 

American 

Antidote 

Aliment,  element  1 

Amiable,  Immble  3 

Antiquarian 

Alkali 

Ammunition,  munition  1 

Any 

All 

Among 

Any  body 

All  his 

Amongst 

Any  more 

All  its 

Amount 

Any  one 

All  men 
All  particulars 

Ample 
Amuse,  homes 

Any  part 
Any  thing 

All  such 

Amused 

Any  way 

All  such  things 

Amusement,  amazement  2 

Anywhere 

All  that  has  been 

An,  and 

Anywhere  near 

All  that  is  said 

Analysis 

Anxiety 

All  the 

And  as  the 

Anxious 

All  the  particulars 

And  as  to  the 

Apartment 

All  their 
All  which 
All  your 

And  do  yon 
And  ck>  you  mean  to 
And  have  they 

Apostle,  epistle  1 
Apparently 
Appearance 

All  your  own 
Alleviate,  elevate  2 
Alleviation,  elevation  2 

And  if  it  be 
And  if  you  are 
And  in 

Appertain 
Aperture 
Applica-ble-bility 

Alliteration,  alteration  1 

And  in  the 

Applied 

Allow 

And  it  is  not 

Apply 

Alluding 

And  the 

ii. 

Appointment 

Allusion,  illusion  1 
Almighty 

Almost 

And  there  must  be 
And  this 
And  we  are 

Apportion,  portion  2 
Appreciate 
Appreciated 

Alphabet 
Alphabetical 

And  we  are  not 
And  we  may 

Appreciation 

Apprehend,  comprehend  1 

Already 

And  we  mean  to 

Approach,  preach  1 

21 

ASG                               ASW                                ATT 

Approbation,  probation  2 
Appropriate 

Appropriation,  preparation  2 

at  as 
As  lie  is  (or  has) 
As  he  is  (or  has)  not 

Ascend 
Ascent,  assent 
Ascertain 

Aptitude 
Aqueous,  cbaos2,  acqniesceS 
Arbitrary 

As  if  it 
As  if  it  were 
As  if  there  were 

Ascertained 
Aside 
Ask 

Archbishop 
Architect-ure-al 
Ardent,  radiant  2 

As  is 
As  is  the 
As  is  the  case 

Asperity 
Assembl-e-y 
Assent,  ascent 

Are 
Are  not,  earned 
Are  sometimes 

As  it,  has  it 
As  it  appeared 
As  it  has  been 

Assert,  assort  1 
Assertion 

Assessed,  assistl,  ceased  1 

Are  there,  rather 
Are  there  as  many  as 
Are  you 

As  it  is 
As  it  is  in  heaven 
As  it  may  seem 

Assiduity 
Assign 
Assigned 

Are  you  sure 
Are  you  willing 
Argue,  irregular  2 

As  it  should  be 
As  it  was 
As  it  were 

A  ->i>t.  ceased,  assessed  2 
•iatc 
Associated 

Argued 
Arise,  hers 
Aristocra-cy-tic 

As  it  would  be 
As  just  as 
As  large  as 

Association 
Assort,  assert  2 
Assure 

Arkansas 
Arose 
Around 

As  little  as 
As  little  as  possible 
As  long  as 

Assured 
Assuredly 
Astonish-ed 

Arouse,  ours 
Aroused 
Arranged 

As  (or  has)  made 
As  many  as 
As  many  as  possible 

Astonishment 
Astronomy 
At,  out 

Arrangement 
Arrest 
Arrival 

As  much 
As  much  as 
As  much  as  it  is 

At  all.  until 
At  all  times 
At  his,  itself 

Arrive 
Art 
Article 

As  much  as  possible 
As  soon  as 
As  soon  as  possible 

At  it 
At  its 
At  last 

Articulate,  articled 
Articulated 
Articulation 

As  the 
As  they 
As  they  were 

At  least 
At  once 
At  present 

Artificial 
As,  has 
As  dear  as 

As  though 
As  though  there  were 
As  nsnal 

At  some 
At  some  time 
At  snch 

As  far  as 

A*  for 
\  s  trood  as 
22 

As  well 
As  well  ns 
As  well  a.*  possible 

At  that 
At  that  time 
At  the 

ASG 


ASW 


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AYE 


BET 


{_ 


^~  j  j 
^  )  i- 


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L? 


L? 


B. 

\     \ 


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\ 


\ 
1 


v. 


BYW 

V< 

\ 

\ 

v 

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H  :-;  s 
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No 

o 


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<* 


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AYE                                   BET                              BYW 

At  the  present  day 
At  the  present  time 
At  the  same  time 

B. 

Between  the 
Between  which 
Beyond 

At  their 
At  this  time 
At  your 

Balance 
Balanced 
Baukrupt-cy 

Bind,  bond,  combined 
Birth 
Birthright 

At  your  own 
Atheism 
Atheist 

Baptis-m-t-ed 
Barbarity 
Base,  bass 

Bitter,  better  2,  batter  3 
Boast,  best 
Body,  abide,  abode  2 

Atlantic 
Atone 
Atoned 

Baseness,  absence  3 
Batter,  better  2 
Be,  by  1,  to  be  3 

Bold,  able  to 
Bound,  band 
Boy,  by 

Atonement 

Attached,  touched  2 
Attainable 

Be  able 
Be  able  to 
Be  said  to 

Bread,  bred 
Breadth 
Breath 

Attainment,  tenement 
Attend,  tend 

Attendance 

Beast,  best  2 
Beatify 
Beautiful-ly 

Broad,  brought,  abroad 
Brutality 
Build 

Attendant 
Atrocious 
Auction,  caution 

Beautify 
Because,  cause 
Because  it  is 

Business.baseness  2 
But 
By.  buy 

Audacious 
Auditor,  editor  2 
Auditory 

Because  it  is  so 
Because  they  were 
Become 

By  and  bye 
By  every  means 
By  his  own 

August 
Author 

Auxiliary 

Been 
Before 
Before  the 

By  his  owu  admission 
By  his  own  confession 
By  many 

Available 
Avaricious 
Avocation,  vocation  2 

Beforehand 
Begin,  gone 
Behavior 

By  means  of 
By  no  means 
By  some 

Avoid,  evade  2 
Await 
Awake 

Behold 
Being 
Belief,  believe-d 

By  some  means 
By  some  men 
By  such  things 

Awaked 
Awaken 
Awakened 

Bend,  bent 
Benevolen-t-ce 
Benign-ity-ant 

By  that 
By  the 
By  the  bye 

Aware 
Aware  that  it  is 
Away 

Best,  boast 
Bestiality 

Betray 

Bv  the  way 
By  their 
By  their  own  confession 

Awful 
Awkward,  acquired 
Aye 

Better,  bitter  1,  batter  3 
Better  than 
Between 

By  them 
By  this  time 
By  which 

GEL 

By  which  it  has  beea 
By  which  it  is  (or  has) 
By  which  it  is  to  be 

CLO                                 COX 

i 

Cemetery,  symmetry  1 
Cent,  sent 
Centre 

Clue 
Coalition,  collusion  3 
Cold 

By  which  it  may  be 
By  which  it  would  be 
By  which  they  are 

Centred 
Century 
Certain 

Collation,  coalition  1 
Collect 
Collected 

C. 

Certificate 
Cessation,  secession  1 
Challenge 

Collection 
Collision 
Collusion,  collation  2 

Cabinet 
California 
Call,  equal 

Chance 
Chanced 
Chapter 

Colonial 
Colonist 
Colonization 

Called,  equalled 
Can 
Can  be 

Character 
Character-s-ize 
Characteristic 

Colony 
Combine 
Combined,  bind,  bond 

Can  have  done 
Can  not 
Can  not  be  made 

Characterized 
Charge-d 
Child 

Come 
Cometh 
Comfort 

Can  not  have  been 
Candidate 
Canst 

Child  of  God 
Childhood 
Children,  which  will 

Comforted 
Commandments 
Commercial 

Capable 
Capability 
Care,  occur 

Children  of  God 
Children  of  Israel 
Choice 

Commercial  freedom 
Commercial  speculation 
Commission 

Cared,  occurred 
Carnality 
Catalogue 

Choose 
Christ 
Christian-ity 

Communicate 
Communicated 
Communication 

Catholic 
Catholic  Bishop 
Catholic  Church 

Christian  religion 
Christian  society 
Christian  world 

Community 
Company,  accompany  3 
Comparatively 

Catholic  Priest 
Caught,  quite 
Cause,  because 

Church  of  Christ 
Church  of  England 
Church  of  God 

Compelled,  compiled  1 
Complement,  compliment 
Complete,  complied 

Caused 
Caution,  auction 
Cautioned 

Church  of  Home 
Circular 
Circularity 

Comply,  plea 
Comprehend,  apprehends 
Conceal 

Cease,  sees 
Ceased,  assist 
Celebrate 

Circulate 
Circulation 
Circumstance 

Concealed 
Conceive 
Conceived 

Celebrity,  salubrity  3 
Celestial 
Celestial  regions 
36 

City 
Class,  close 
Cloud 

Concentrate 
Concern 
Concerned 

CLO 


CON 


c. 


Jp 


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V 


n  c^ 


COX 


'/° 

u 

L 

- 


CRE 


1      1L- 


DEB 


I, 


A       I 


-\ 


D. 

^     "    -Uo' 
U        J        / 

V     k     ^ 


> 


\ 


r      J 

i    i 


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CON                                CHK                                  DEE 

Concert,  sort  1 
Concession,  session 
Conciliate 

Contains 
Contingency 
Continues 

Credence 
Credit,  accredit  2 
Creditable 

Conciliation  consolation2 
Conclude 
Conclusion 

Contradict 
Contradiction 
Contradistinction 

Credulity 
Critical 
Cultivate 

Condemnation,  damnation  3 
Condensation 
Condition,editionl  additions 

Contradistinguish-  ed 
Contusion 
Convenience 

Cultivation 
Cure 
Cured 

Oonduct,edncate2  aclequateS 
Congeniality 
Congratulate 

Convenient 
Conversant 
Conversation 

Curiosity 
Curious 
Cursory 

Congratulation 
Connecticut 
Consequence 

Conversational 
Co-operate 
Co-operation 

D. 

Consequent-ly 
Consequential 
Conservative 

Copy,  keep  1 
Cordiality 
Corporal 

Daily 
Dairy,  diary  1,  diarrhea  1 
Damnation,  condemnation  1 

Conservative  members 
Conservatory 
Consider 

Considerable 
Consideration 
Considered 

Corporeal 
Correct 
Corrected 

Correction 
Correspond 
Correspondence 

Dance,  providence 
Danced 
Danger 

Dangerous 
Dare 
Dare  not 

Consist 
Consistence 
Consistency 

Correspondent 
Corresponding  Secretary 
Corresponding  Society 

Daugliter,debtor2,deter2 
Dawn,  dine 
Day,  do 

Consistent 
Consistory 
Consolation,  solution  3 

Cost 
Could 
Could  be  done 

Deafened,  defend 
Dear,  wonder 
Debenture 

Console 
Consonant 
Consonantal 

Could  not 
Could  not  be  done 
Count,  account 

Debt,  Deity  1,  duty  3 
Debtor,  deter,  daughter  1 
Deceased 

Consort 
Constitute 
Constituted 

Countenance 
Counteract 
Counterbalance 

December 
Decent,  dissent,  descents 
Declare 

Constitution 
Constitution  of  the  U.  S. 
Constitutional  -ly 

Counterfeit 
Countermand 
Countersign 

Declared 
Dedicate 
Deduct 

Construction 
Consult 
Consume,  psalm 

Country 
Court,  accurate  3 
Creature,  according 

;.  

Deducted 
Deed 
Deepened,  depend 

DID                                  DIV                                  EAS 

Defend-ant 
Deficien-t  -cy 
Degeneration 

Did  not 
Did  not  intend 
Did  not  know 

Do,  different  1,  had  3 
Do  not 
Do  not  know 

Degree,  agree 
Deigned,  do  not 
Deity,  debts,  duty  3 

Die 

Diet,  debt  2,  duty  3 
Differen-t-ce 

Do  they 
Do  this 
Doctor 

Delaware 
Delay 
Delight 

Difficult-y 
Dignity 
Dilution,  adulation  2 

Doctrine 
Does,  days 
Does  not 

Delightful 
Deliver-ed,  idle  1 
Deliverance 

Diminish,  admonish  2 
Diminution,  admonition  2 
Direct 

Does  your 
Does  your  own 
Domestic 

Delusion,  adulation  2 
Demand,  diamond  1 
Democra-cy-tic 

Disadvantage 
Disadvantageous 
Discharge-  d 

Domination,  condemnationl 
Done 
Doubt 

Demonstrate 
Demonstration 
Demoralization 

Discontinued 
Discretion 
Diseased 

Doubted 
Doubter 
Doubtful 

Denomination,  dine,  dawn 
Depend,  deepened 
Dependan-t-ce 

Describe 
Described 
Description 

Designation 
Desist 
Desolate 

Disinterested 
Disliked 
Dislocate 

Disparity 
Dispelled 
Dispensation 

Dispersion,  desperation  2 
Displayed 
Displeasure 

Doubtless 
Down,  providential 
Dreadful 

Drew,  during 
Dried,  dread  2 
Ductility 

Due,  add,  had 
Due  consideration 
Duration 

Desolation 
Desperate 
Desperation 

Disposition 
Dispraised 
Dispute 

During,  drew 
Dutv.  Deitvl,  debt  2 
Dutiful 

Destruction 
Deter,  daughter  1 
Determined 

Dissent,  decent  1,  descent  2 
Dissimilar 
Dissimilarity 

E. 

Detriment 
Develop-ed  -ment 
Devised,  advised  3 

Dissolute 
Dissolution 

l)i>tin  guish-ed 

Each 
Each  other 
Each  thing 

Dexterity 
Diamond,  adamant  3 
Diarrhcea.  dairy  2 

Distinction 
Dist.  of  Columbia 
Divert,  advert  3 

Ear,  here,  her 
Early 
Earn 

Diction,  education  2 
Dictionary 
Did 

Divest,  devised  1 
Diversity,  adversity  .'< 
Divine,  even 

Earned,  are  not 
Earnestly 
Ease,  easy 

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ENQ     .                           EVE                             FAL 

Eased,  is  it 
East,  astonished 
East  Indies 

Entertain 
Entertained 
Enthusiasm 

Every  one 
Everywhere 
Evidence 

Easy,  ease 
Ecclesiastic-al 
Economy 

Enthusiast 
Envied,  invade  2 
Envoy,  never 

Evident 
Evil,  value  3 
Evolution,  violation  2 

Edict,  educate  2 
Edition,  condition  2 
Editor,  doubter  3 

Episcopal  church. 
Epistle,  apostle  3 
Equal,  call 

Exaggerate 
Exaggeration 
Example 

Educate,  adequate  3 
Education,  diction  1 
Effect,  affect  3,  factS 

Equalled,  called 
Error 
Erroneous 

Excellency 
Excellent 
Excess,  access  3 

Effort,  fruit  3 
Eh? 
Either,  their  2,  other  3 

Especial-ly 
Essence,  science  1 
Esseutial-ly 

Executor 
Executrix 
Expect-ed-ation 

Elaborate,  liberate  2 
Elder,  leader  1 
Elegy,  eulogy  3 

Establish-ed-ment 
Estate 

Esteem 

Expenditure 
Expensive 
Explain 

Element,  ailment  2 
Elevate,  alleviate  1 
Elevation,  alleviation  1 

Esteemed 
Estimate 
Et  cetera 

Explanation 
Exposition 
Extemporaneous 

Elsewhere,  loser  3 
Emanation,  mention  1 
Emigrate,  migrate  1 

Eternal 
Eternal  happiness 
Eternal  life 

Extend,  extent 
External,  stray 
Extinguish 

Emigration,  migration  1 
Eminent,  imminent  1 
Emperor 

Eternity,  trinity  1 
Eulogy,  lodge  1,  elegy  2 
Evade,  avoid  1 

Extract,  extricate  2 
Extraordinary 
Extravagant 

Empire 
Empire  state 
Emptiness,  mightiness  1 

Evangelical 
Evangelization 
Evangelize 

Extricate,  extracts 
Eye,  high,  I 
Eyes 

Enable,  unable  3 
Enabled 
End,  under 

Evangelized 
Evasion,  vision  1 
Even,  divine 

F. 

Endeavour 
Endeavoured 
Endless,  needless  1 

Event 
Ever 
Ever  has  been 

Face,  for  his 
Faced 
Fact,  effect  2,  affect  3 

Enemy,  name  2 
Engl-and-ish,  thing 
Enjoy,  knowledge  "2 

Everlasting 
Everlasting  life 
Ever  more 

Faint 
Fair,  fear  1,  far  3 
Faithfulness 

Enlarge 
Enlarged 
Enquire 

Every  very 
Every  man 
Every  moment 

Falsehood 
Falsity 
Falsifier,  philosopher  2 
33 

FOR                                FOR                              FUT 

Falsifies,  philosophise  2 
Familiar 
Familiarity 

For  as  much  as 
For'  Christ's  sake 
For  ever 

Forward 
Found,  find  1,  faint  2 
Foundation 

Family,  female  2 
Far,  fear  1,  fire  1,  fair  2 
Farm,  form  2 

For  ever  and  ever 
For  his  own  sake 
For  instance 

Fountain 
Fragility 
Free,  offer 

Farther,  further  2 
Fashion 
Fashionable 

For  it  is  said 
For  its  own  sake 
For  my  own  part 

Free  pi-ess 
i  rade 
Free  trader 

Fast 
Faster 
Fatality 

For  several 
For  some  reason  or  other 
For  some  time 

Freed,  offered 
Freedom 
Freedom  of  speech 

Fate,  after,  foot  3 
Father,  for  there 
Favored 

For  such  are 
For  such  as  are 
For  such  as  are  not 

Frequency 
Frequeut-ly 
Friday 

Favorite 
Fear,  fire  1,  fore  2,  far  3 
Feast,  faced  2,  fast  3 

For  such  as  could 
For  such  as  will 
For  such  as  would 

Frivolity 
From 
From  day  to  day 

Feaster,  fester  2 
Feet,  fight,  if  it 
Female,  family  3 

For  the 
For  the  benefit  of 
For  the  good  of 

From  hour  to  hour 
From  place  to  place 
From  time  to  time 

Fertile 
Few,  half 
Few  persons 

For  the  most  part 
For  the  purpose  of 
For  the  sake  of 

From  that  time 
From  the 
From  their,  further 

Few  such 
Fidelity 
Fiercely 

For  themselves 
For  there,  father 
For  there  is 

From  them 
From  you 
Froward 

Fight,  feet,  fit 
Financial  reform 
Find 

For  there  has  been 
For  this  reason 
For  which 

Frugality 
Fruit,  effort  2 
Full 

Fine,  often 
Finn,  frame 
Pineal 

For  which  it  is  (or  has) 
For  which  it  is  not 
Foretell 

Fundamental 
Furious,  fairies  2 
Furiously 

Flat,  flight  1,  float  2 
Florida 
Fluent,  affluent  3 

Foretold 
Forget 
Forgive 

Furnish 
Furnished 
Furniture 

Fly.  awful 
Follow-ing 
Foolish 

Forgotten 
Form,  farm  3 
Formality 

Further,  from  their 
Furtherance 
Furthermore 

Foot,  fit  1,  feet  1,  fate  2 
For 
For  as  (or  has) 
M 

Forthwith 
Fortune 
Fortunate 

Future  state 
Future  world 
Futurity 

EOTl 


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GIV                                  GRE                                    HAV 

Give  us  your  opinion 

Great  deal 

(T 

Give  us  your  own 

Great  extent 

\j  • 

Gives 

Great  many 

Gain,  again 
Gained 

Gives  me 
Gives  our 

Greater 
Greater  than 

Garrulity 

Gives  our  own 

Greatest 

Gas 

Gives  permission 

Greatly 

Gave,  together,  go 
Gave  him 

Gives  the 
Gives  them 

Grew,  grow  2 
Guide 

The  phrases  following 
give  and  gives  may  also 
be  attached  to  gave. 

Gives  them  their  own 
Gives  us 
Gives  us  our 

H.        ! 

Gaze,  goes 

Gives  us  our  own 

Habit 

General  -ly,  religion  1 
Generality 

Gives  ITS  our  rights 
Gives  us  permission 

Had 
Had  been 

Generation 

Gives  us  the 

Had  had,  added,  doubt 

Generation  to  generation 
Genteel 

Gives  us  their 
Gives  us  to 

Had  not 
Half,  few 

Gentility 

Gives  us  your 

Hand,  owned 

Gentle  * 

Gives  us  your  opinion 

Handiness,  neediness  1 

Gentleman,  gentlemen  1 

Glad,  gold  2 

Happen,  punish 

Gentlemen  of  the  jnry 
Georgia 

Glee,  glory  2 
Glorification 

Happened,  pound 
Happiness 

Get.  good 

Glor-y-ify 

Happy,  hope 

Gird,  great 

Go,  gave,  together 

Hard,  heard,  2 

Gist,  justS,  largest  3 
Give-u 

Go  together 
God 

Harmony 
Harnioni-ze-ons 

Give  me 

Goes,  gaze 

Has 

Give  that 

Gold,  glad  3 

Has  been 

Give  the 

Gone,  begin 

Has  had 

Give  them 

Good,  get 

Has  his,  (or  as) 

Give  them  their 

Good  or  bad 

Has  it,  used 

Give  this 

Govern-ment 

Has  it  been 

Give  us 

Gown,  again  2 

Has  it  not  been 

Give  us  liberty 

Gradually 

Has  not 

Give  us  our  own 

Grand  jury 

Has  not  been 

Give  us  our  rights 

Gratitude           < 

Has  to  be 

Give  us  permission 
Give  us  the 

Great,  gird 
Great  advantage 

Haste 
Hate.,  heat  1 

Give  us  their 

Great  applause 

Hated,  heated  1 

Give  us  their  o'.vn 

Great  Britain 

Hath,  thank,  youth 

Give  us  this  day 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

Have,  ever  1,  view  3 

37 

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Have  done 
Have  not 
Have  shown 

Hereditament 
Hereditary 
Herein 

House  of  Parliament 
Houses  of  Parliament 
House  of  Prayer 

Have  their,  (or  there) 
Have  there  been 
Have  to  be 

Herewith 
Hero,  harrow  3 
Heroine 

House  of  Representatives 
Housed 
How 

Have  you 
Have  vour 
He    ' 

Hesitation 
High,  eye  1 
Higher 

How  are 
How  are  these  things 
How  can 

He  has  (or  is) 
He  has  been 
He  has  done 

Highest 
Highlander 
Highly 

How  could  yon 
How  is  that 
How  is  this 

He  has  finished 
He  has  had 
He  has  given 

Him,  may 
Himself 
His,  is 

How  many 
How  many  such 
How  may 

The  phrases  following  'give' 
may  also  be  added  to  'given 
and  may  be  attached  to  'he 
has'  and  'he  has  not'. 

He  has  intimated 
He  has  neither 
He  has  never 

His  is,  is  his 
His  own 
His  wish 

Hither  and  thither 
Hitherto 
Hold,  held,  old 

How  may  their  (or  there) 
How  must 
How  will  they 

However 
Howsoever 
Human 

He  has  not 
He  has  not  given 
He  has  seen 

Holding,  leading  1,  alluding  3 
Holy 
Holy  Ghoet 

Humau  being 
Human  family 
Humau  happiness 

He  has  to  be 
He  is  gone 
He  is  in 

Holy  Scriptures 
Holy  Spirit 
Home,  whom 

Human  kind 
Humau  life 
Human  nature 

He  is  not 
Hear,  here,  her,  ear 
Heard,  word,  hard  3 

Honestly 
Honor,  near,  nor 
Honored,  in  order  to 

Human  race 
Humanity 
Humble,  amiable  2 

Heart,  art 
Heat,  hate  2 
Heated,  hated  2 

Hon.  Gentlemen 
Hon.  Member 
Hon.  Senator 

Humor,  more  2 
Humored 
Husband 

Heaven,  vain 
Height 
Held,  hold,  old 

Hope,  happy 
Horizontal 
Horse 

I. 

Hence,  knows 
Her,  hear,  ear 
Her  own,  iron 

Hospitality 
Hostility 
House 

I,  eye,  high 
I  admit 
I  am  certain 

Herself,  arise 
Here,  her,  ear, 
Hereafter 
38 

House  of  Commons 
House  of  God 
House  of  Lords 

I  am  glad 
I  am  inclined 
I  am  not 

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IHA                                    ITH                               IFT 

I  am  not  inclined 
I  am  quite  sure 
I  am  sorry 

I  have  their 
I  have  therefore 
I  hope 

I  think  there 
I  think  there  is  not 
I  think  there  will 

I  am  sure 
I  am  very  glad 
I  believe 

I  hope  you  are 
I  hope  you  arc  satisfied 
I  hope  you  will 

I  think  you  will 
I  thought 
I  trust 

I  can 
I  can  not 

I  could 

I  hope  you  will  not 
I  intend 
I  know  that  there  is  much 

I  trust  you  will 
I  understand 
I  understood 

I  could  have 
I  could  not  be 
I  dare  not 

I  know  that  there  will  be 
I  know  that  you  are 
I  know  that  yon  may 

I  was 

I  was  not 
I  was  there 

I  dare  say 
1  did  not 
1  did  not  know 

I  know  there  are  many 
I  know  they   are 
I  may  (  or  am  ) 

I  was  therefore 
I  will 
I  will  give 

I  did  not  say  so 
I  did  not  think 
I  do 

I  may  also  observe 
I  may  as  well 
I  may  be  told  that 

I  will  have 
I  will  not  be 
I  will  not  have 

I  do  not 
I  do  not  know 
I  expect 

I  may  gratify 
I  may  never 
I  may  nevertheless 

I  will  try 
I  wish 
I  wish  there 

I  fear  you  will  have 
I  fear  vou  will  think 
I  find" 

I  may  not  be 
I  may  perhaps 
I  must 

I  wish  there  was 
I  wish  to 
Idea 

I  found 
I  had 
I  had  not 

I  must  be 
I  must  say 
I  need  not 

Ideal 
Identified 
Idle 

I  had  not  known 
I  have 
I  have  been 

I  need  not  observe 
I  need  not  point  out 
I  never 

Idleness 
Idolat-er-ry 
If 

I  have  called 
I  have  done 
I  have  had  many 

I  noticed 
I  shall 
I  shall  be  there 

If  his,  office 
If  it,  feet,  fight 
If  it  be 

I  have  known 
I  have  made 
I  have  no  doubt 

I  shall  never 
I  shall  not  be  able  to 
I  shall  not  have 

If  it  be  not 
If  it  does  not 
If  it  is,  if  its,  fights 

I  have  not 
I  have  said 
I  have  seen 

I  thank  you 
I  think 
I  think  it  is 

If  it  is  not  possible 
If  it  is  not  so 
If  it  is  not  thought 

I  have  several 
I  have  shown 
I  have  suggested 

I 

I  think  it  is  better  than 
I  think  it  is  impossible 
I  think  so 

If  it  were 
If  such 
If  that  is  done 
41 

IMP 

INO 

mrtt 

If  the 
If  the  other 
If  there  is  not 

Imperfect 
Imperfection 
Impetus 

In  order  to  be 
In  order  to  explain 
In  order  to  have 

If  there  is  to  be 
If  there  is  nothing  more 
If  there  were 

Impious 
Importan-t-ce 
Importunate 

In  order  to  make  it 
In  order  to  show 
In  reference  to 

Tf  they 
If  they  will  be 
If  they  will  not  go 

Impose 
Imposed 
Impossib-le-ility 

In  regard  to 
In  relation  to 
In  respect  to 

If  this  is  done 
If  we 
If  we  are 

Impost 
Impracticab-le-ility 
Improbable 

In  so  many  words 
In  so  much  as 
In  some  degree 

If  we  are  not 
If  we  do  not 
If  you 

Improve-ment 
In,  any 
In  a  state 

In  some  resj; 
In  such  a  manner  as  to 
In  such  words 

If  you  are 
If  your 
Ignorance 

In  addition  to  this 
In  all  cases 
In  all  my 

In  support 
In  the 
In  the  course  of 

Ignorant 
Illegality 
Illegible,  legible  2 

In  all  respects 
In  all  that 
In  all  this 

la  the  fi.:-t  place 
In  the  last  place 
In  the  main 

Illegibility,  legibility  2 
Illiberality 
Illinois 

In  any  thing 
In  any  way 
In  as  much 

In  the  miikt 
In  the  next  place 
In  the  presence  of  God 

Illiterate 
Illusion.,  allusion  3 
Illustrate 

In  as  much  as 
In  as  much  as  it  is 
In  comparison  with 

In  the  M-eond  place 
la  the  bi^ht  of  God 
lu  the  third  place 

Illustration 
Immaterial 
Immateriality 

In  compliance 
In  connection  with 
In  consequence  of 

In  the  way 
In  the  word  of  God 
lu  the  words  of  my  text 

Immature,  mature  3 
Immediately 
Immersion,  emersion  2 

In  consideration 
In  effect 
In  fact 

In  the  world 
In  their,  neither 
In  their  own 

Immigrate 
Immigration 
Imminent,  eminent  2 

In  his.  influence 
In  it 
In  its  (  or  itself  ) 

In  thi?  city 
In  this  country 
In  this  instance 

Immoderate,  moderate  2 
Immorality 
Immortality 

In  many  instances 
In  many  particulars 
In  my 

In  this  manner 
In  this  neighborhood 
In  this  part  of  the  world 

Immutable 
Impassioned 
Impatient 

In  my  opinion 
In  order  that  you  n 
In  order  to,  honored 

ivorld 
In  which  it  has  appeared 

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INF                                  INT                                  IT 

In  which  they  are 
In  your 
In  your  own 

Influential 
Inform 
Information 

Interpretation 
Interpreted 
Into,  unto 

Inaccuracy 
Inaccurate 
Incite,  in  sight,  honesty  2 

Ingenious 
Ingenuous 
Inheritance 

Into  consideration 
Introduce 
Introduced 

Incessant 
Incessantly 
Incivility 

Inhospitality 
Injury 
Innocence,  nuisance  3 

Introduction 
Invade,  envied,  invite  1 
Invention,  invasion 

Incline,  unclean 
Inclined 
Inconsiderable 

Innocent 
Innovation 
Inquisition 

Investigate 
Investigation 
Invite,  invade  2 

Inconsiderate 
Inconsistent 
Inconstant 

Inscription 
Insignificance 
Insignificant 

Inward,  onward 
Iowa 
Iron,  her  own 

Increase,  incurs  2 
Incredulity 
Indebted,  undoubted  3 

Insolent 
Inspiration 

Instant 

Ironed 
Irregular,  argue  3 
Irresistible 

Indeed,  no  doubt  2 
Indefatigable 
Indefinite 

Instead 
Institute 
Instituted 

Irrespective 
Irresponsible 
Is 

Independeu-t-ce 
Indian  Territory 
Indiana 

Institution 
Instruction 
Instrument 

Is  as 
Is  as  the 
Is  for 

Indicate,  induct  2 
Indicted,  indebted  2 
Indigna-nt-tiou 

Instruniental-ity 
Insufficieu-t-cy 
Insuperable 

Is  his,  is  as 
Is  it,  eased 
Is  it  impossible 

Indiscriminate 
Indispensable 
Indisposition 

Insupportable 
Integrity 
Intellectual 

Is  it  not 
Is  it  not  beautiful 
Is  it  not  certain  that 

Individual 
Individuality 
Induct,  indicate  1 

Intelligence 
Intelligent 
Intelligible 

Is  it  not  observable 
Is  it  not  possible 
Is  it  not  remarkable 

Inertia 
Inevitable 
Infant 

Intemper-ance-ate 
Intend 

Intention 

Is  it  not  so 
Is  it  not  the 
Is  not  so 

Inferior 
Inferiority 
Infertility 

Intercourse 
Interest 
Interested 

Is  the 
Is  to  be 
Island,  will  not 

Infidelity 
Influence,  in  his 
Influenced 

Interior,  anterior  3 
Internal 
Interpret 

Islander,  lender  2 
Issue,  shoe 
It 
45 

ITI                                 ITW                                  JUS 

It  can 
It  can  be  made 
It  can  have 

It  is  quite  certain 
It  is  quite  impossible 
It  is  rather 

It  would  not  be 
Item 
Itself 

It  could  be 
It  could  not  be 
It  done 

It  is  said 

It  is  said  that 
It  is  seen  that 

J. 

It  has  been 
It  has  been  observed 
It  has  been  said 

It  is  sometimes 
It  is  soon  done 
It  is  such 

January 
Jehovah 
Jest 

It  has  been  suggested 
It  is  a  long  time 
It  is  also 

It  is  sufficient 
It  is  the 
It  is  to 

Jester 
Jesus 
Jesus  Christ 

It  is  always 
It  is  always  said 
It  is  as 

It  is  to  be 
It  is  true 
It  is  very  strange 

Jews 
Jocularity 
Join,  religion,  general  2 

It  is  as  well 
It  is  certain  tha'. 
It  is  clear 

It  is  well  known 
It  is  wonderful 
It  may  as  well 

Joined,  gentlemen 
Jollity,  agility  2 
Jolly,'  agile  2 

It  is  done 
It  is  doubtless 
It  is  generally 

It  might  not  be 
It  seems  to  me 
It  should  be 

Joy 
Judgment 
Judicial 

Ft  is  good 
It  is  his 
It  is  indeed 

It  should  not  be 
It  takes  some  time 
It  was 

Judicious 
June 
Jurisdiction 

It  is  most 
It  is  most  assuredly 
It  is  most  certainly 

It  was  not 
It  was  their 
It  was  their  intention 

Jurisprudence 
Juror 
Jury 

It  is  most  important 
It  is  most  likely 
It  is  much 

It  was  their  own 
It  will 
It  will  be 

Just 
Just  as 
Just  as  good 

It  is  my  opinion 
It  is  necessary  that 
It  is  no  doubt 

It  will  be  observed 
It  will  be  remembered 
It  will  come 

Just  as  long 
Just  as  much 
Just  as  well 

It  is  no  more  thau 
It  is  no  use 
It  is  not  so 

It  will  do 
It  will  not 
It  will  not  be 

Just  as  well  as 
Just  as  well  as  another 

Justice 

It  is  nothing  more 
It  is  now 
It  is  observed 

It  will  perhaps 
It  will  take 
It  will  take  some  time 

Justice  of  God 
Justice  of  the  peace 
Justices  of  the  peace 

It  is  only 
It  is  perhaps 
It  is  plain 
•16 

It  would 
It  would  be 
It  would  be  well 

Justification 
Justification  by  faith 
Justified 

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LAW                                  LIB                                 MAG 

Law  of  the  laud 

Light,  lot 

K. 

Lawyer 

Likely,  local  2 

Lead',  lid 

Lime,  lame  2 

Keen,  coin 

Leader 

Limit 

Keep,  copy  2 

Kentucky 

Learn 
Leamed(p.) 

Little,  lately 
Little  consideration 

Kind,  cannot 

Learued(W/.) 

Liveliness,  loveliness  2 

Kindred 

Learned  counsel 

Local,  likely  1 

Kingdom 

Learned  friend 

Lone,  loan,  alone  3 

Kingdom  of  Christ 

Learned  gentleman 

Long 

Kingdom  of  God 

Legal 

Long  hand 

Kingdom  of  Heaven 

Legality 

Long  time 

Kingdoms  of  this  world 

Legible 

Longer 

Knew,  new 

Legislation 

Longer  than 

Knotted,  untied  1,  united  3 

Legislator 

Loose,  lose,  allows 

Know,  no 

Legislature 

Lord,  read,  word  2 

Know  it  is  not 

.  lent 

Lord  and  Savior  Jesus  Christ 

Know  their  (or  there) 

Lender,  islander  1 

Lord  Jesus  Christ 

Know  their  own 

Less 

Lose,  allows,  loose 

Know  there  is 

Less  than 

Loser,  lesser  2,  elsewhere  1 

Know  there  is  nothing 

Lesser,  elsewhere  1,  loser  3 

Lot,  light 

Knowledge,  enjoy  1 

Lest,  lost  1 

Loud 

Known,  none 

Let,  late 

Louisiana 

Knows,  hence 

Let  it 

Loveliness,  liveliness  1 

Let  it  be 

Lower,  liar  1 

L. 

Let  us,  lets 

Lowly,  wholly  3 

*    *  V 

Let  us  consider 

Loyal 

Labored,  liberty 

Let  us  do 

Luckily 

Lad,  lond 

L  -t  us  further  consider 

Lust,  lest 

Ladies  and  gentlemen 

Let  us  have 

Lustre 

Laid,  load 

Let  us  have  your 

Luxury 

Lament 

Let  us  never 

Luxuriant 

Land,  lend  2 

Let  us  now 

Luxuriate 

Language,  young  3 

Let  us  proceed 

Large,  advantage  2 

Let  us  therefore 

. 

Larger 

Letter,  loiter  1,  latter  3 

Last,  loosed 

Liar,  lower  2 

Machine 

Late,,  let 

Liberality 

Mad,  mood,  made  2 

Latitude 

Liberty,  labored 

Madam,  medium  1 

Latitudinarian 

Liberty  of  the  people 

Made,  mode 

Latitudinarianism 

Liberty  of  the  press 

Modest,  amidst 

Law 

Liberty  of  speech 

Magazine 

49 

ME  A                                M1N                             MOS 

Magnaiiim-ous-ity 

Measure-d 

Ministered 

Magnificen-ce-t 
Maine 

Meat,  might,  meet 
Mechanics 

M  iuisterial 
Ministration 

Majesty 

Mechanic's  Institute 

Minnesota 

Majority 

Medical 

Minority 

Make  it  clear 

Medicate 

Mint,  mind 

Malignant 

Medicine 

Miracle 

Man,  main 

Meditate,  mediated  1 

Mirac-les-ulous 

Man  of  business 

Medium,  madam  2 

Misdemeanour 

Manner 

Meet,  meat,  might 

Misrepresent-ed 

Manner  in  which 

Melancholy 

Misrepresentation 

Manner  in  which  it  is  done 

Melioration,  amelioration  2 

Miss 

Manner  in  which  it  takes 

Memher,  remember 

Missed,  mist,  moist 

Mannered,  honored  1 

Member  of  the  Bar 

Misses 

Mansion,  mention  1 

Member  of  Congress 

Mission 

Manufacturer 

Members  of  Congress 

Missionary 

Manuscript 

Members  of  the  Bar 

Mississipi 

Many  of  them 

Memorandum 

Missouri 

Many  things 

Men,  mean 

Mist,  missed,  moist 

Many  times 

Men  of  business 

Mistake 

Maryland 

Mention,  emanation  2 

Mistaken 

Massachusetts 

Mentioned 

Mistrust-ful 

Material 

Mercies 

Mitigate 

Materiality 

Mercy,  more 

Mode,  made 

Matter 

Merit 

Moderate 

Mature,  immature  1 

Messrs. 

Moist,  missed,  mist 

May,  him,  my  1 

Met 

Monday 

May  also 

Metaphor 

Mood,  mode 

May  always 

Mexico 

Moon,  human 

May  appeal- 

Michigan 

Moral 

May  as  well 

Midst,  amidst  2 

Moral  suasion 

May  he  done 
May  not 

Might,  meat,  meet 
Might  not 

Morality 
More,  mercy 

May  not  he 

Might  not  be  able  to 

More  and  more 

May  not  have 

Mightest 

More  or  less 

May  there 

Mightiness,  emptiness  2 

More  than 

May  this 

Migrate,  emigrate  2 

More  time 

May  you 

Migration,  emigration  2 

Mortality 

Me,  my 

Million 

Mortgage 

Mean,  men 

Mind,  mint 

Most 

Meanness 

Mine 

Most  certainly 

Meant,  may  not 

Minister 

Most  happy 

50 

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MYS                                 NOK                              NDM 

Most  important 
Most  likely 
Mother,  may  there 

N. 

No  better  than 
Nobody,  anybody  1 
No  doubt 

Motion 
Mount,  movement 
Mountain 

Name,  enemy  1 
Narrow 
Nation,  notion 

No  less  than 
No  more 
No  one 

Mr.,  remark 
Mrs. 
Much 

National 
National  expenditure 
National  retorm 

No  reason 
No  such  thing 
No  thank  you 

Much  as 
Much  as  it  is 
Much  more 

Nationality 
Natural 
Nature 

Noise,  nice 
Noisy,  unesisy  2 
None,  known 

Much  more  than 
Muscularity 
Must,  most 

Near,  honor,  nor 
Nearest 
Nebraska 

Nonconformist 
Nonconformity 
Noon,  union 

Must  also 
Must  always 
Must  be 

Necessarily 
Necessaiy 
Necessary  consequences 

Nor,  honor,  near 
Nor  are  there 
Nor  is  it 

Must  become 
Must  come 
Must  consider 

Necessitate 
Necessitated 
Necessity 

Nor  is  this 
Nor  were  they 
North 

Must  improve 
Must  not  be 
Must  try 

Need 
Need  not 
Neediuess,  haudiuess  3 

North  America 
North  Carolina 
Not,  night 

Mutable 
My 
My  beloved  friends 

Needless,  endless  2 
Neglcct-ed 
Neither,  in  their 

Not  be 
Not  only 
Not  quite 

My  brother  (or  brethren) 
My  Christian  friends 
My  dear  brethren 

Neither  more  nor  less 
Neutrality 
Never,  envy  1 

Not  that 
Not  to  be 
Nothing 

My  dear  friends 
My  dear  sir 
My  dear  sister 

Nevertheless 
New,  knew 
New  Hampshire 

Nothing  less 
Less  may  form  part  of  a 
phrase,  but  not  else. 

My  fellow  citizens 
My  own  opinion 
My  respected  friends 

New  Jersey 
New  Mexico 
New  Testament 

Notion 
Not  w  ithstan  ding 
Notwithstanding  it  is 

My  Savior 
My  text 
My  time 

New  York 
New  York  City 
News 

Notwithstanding  the 
Notwithstanding  this 
Now 

Myself 
Mysterious 
Mystery 

Next 
Night,  not 
No,  know 

Nowhere 
Nuisaucc,  innocence  1 
Number 
53 

OFS                              ONM                              OPP 

Of  sonic  kind 

On  my  part 

o. 

Of  some  kind  or  other 

On  no  account 

V^A  • 

Of  such  an 

On  no  occasion 

Oath,  think 

Of  such  as  have 

On  one  account 

Obedient 

Of  that  which  ifl 

On  oui-  part 

Obey 

Of  their 

On  so  many 

Obeyed 

Of  them 

On  the 

Object 

Of  this  world 

On  the  contrary 

Objection 

Of  those  who  are 

On  the  one  hand 

Obliged 
Observ-e-  d-ation 

Of  which 
Of  which  it  has  been 

On  the  one  part 
On  the  other  hand 

Obsolete,  absolute  8 

Of  which  it  has  been  said 

On  the  other  part 

Occasion 

Of  which  it  is 

On  the  part  of 

Occasional 

Of  which  it  is  not 

On  the  present  occasion 

Occasioned 

Of  which  it  must  be 

On  the  same  subject 

Occupied 

Of  which  you  are 

On  their  account 

Occupy 

Of  which  you  are  not 

On  their  own  account 

Occur,  care 

Of  which  you  will 

On  their  own  showing 

Occurred 

Office,  if  his 

On  their  own  supposition 

Occurrence 

Often,  fine 

On  their  part 

October 

Oh!  owe 

On  this 

Of 

Ohio 

On  this  account 

Of  advantage 
Of  Christ 

Old,  hold,  laid,  loud  3 
Omnipoten-t-ce 

On  this  occasion 
On  this  point 

Of  Christianity 
Of  course 

Omuipresen-t-ce 
Omniscien-t-ce 

On  -this  question 
Once,  ones 

Of  course  it  is 

On 

One 

Of  course  it  is  not  expected 

On  account  of 

One  of  the  most 

Of  course  it  will 

On  account  of  their 

One  or  two 

Of  course  it  will  not 

On  all  sides 

Onward,  inward 

Of  course  they  will 
Of  God 

On  all  subjects 
On  all  such  questions 

Open,  upon 
Opened 

Of  great  advantage 

On  any  account 

Operate 

Of  his 

On  either  hand 

Operated 

Of  his  own 

On  either  part 

Operation,  oppression  3 

Of  importance 

On  her  part 

Opinion 

Of  it 

On  his  part 

Opportunity,  particular  1 

Of  its 

On  its  account 

Oppose 

Of  itself 

On  many  occasions 

Opposite,  apposite  3 

Of  many  of  them 
Of  my  opinion 
Of  some  account 

On  my 
On  my  account 
On  my  own  part 

Opposition,  position  2 
Oppression,  operation  2 
Oppressor 

54 

OFS                              O.NM                             OPP 

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Option,  passion  3 

Overwhelm 

Perhaps 

Or 

Owe,  oh! 

Permanent,  prominent  1 

Oration 

Owing 

Permission,  promotion  2 

Orator 

Own 

Permit,  prompt  1,  promote  3 

Order 

Owned,  hand 

Perpendicular 

Ordinary 

Owner 

Perpendicularity 

Ordinary  circumstances 

Perpetual 

Oregon 

P. 

Persecute 

Organ 

-*--     • 

Persecution 

Organism 

Paid 

Perseverance 

Organization 

Parisian 

Persia 

Organize 

Parliamentary 

Persian 

Organized 

Part 

Personality 

Organs 

Partiality 

Perspective 

Origin 

Particle 

Persuade,  pursued  3 

Original 

Particular,  pride 

Pertain 

Originality 

Pass,  hopes 

Pervade,  private  1,  proved  3 

Ornament 

Passed,  past 

Petrify,  putrify  3 

Ornamental 

Passion,  option  1 

Philanthropic 

Orthodoxy 
Other,  either  1,  their  2 

Passionate 
Past,  passed 

Philanthropy 
Philology 

Other  than 

Pastor,  pester  2 

Philosopher,  falsifier  1 

Otherwise 

Patient 

Philosophic 

Onght 

Patriarch 

Philosophize,  falsifies  1 

Ought  never 

Patriarchal 

Phonetic 

Onght  not  to  be 

Patron 

Phonetic  Society 

Ought  to 

Pattern 

Phonographer 

Onght  to  be 
Onght  to  be  done 
Ought  to  have 

Peace,  piece 
Peculiar-ity 
Peculiar  circumstances 

Phonographic 
Phonography 
Physical 

Our,  hear  1,  are  2 

Peculiar  cir.  of  the  case 

Piety,  pity  2 

Our  ewn 

Pecuniary 

Pin,  pine,  upon  2 

Our  text 

Penalty 

Pity,  piety  1 

Ours,  arouse 

Pennsylvania 

Placed 

Ourselves 

People 

Plaintiff 

Out,  at 

People  of  God 

Plate 

Outcast 

Per  annum 

Please,  place  2 

Outward 

Per  cent 

Pleased 

Over,  virtue 

Perfect-ed 

Pleasure 

Over  and  over  again 

Perfection 

Plenipotentiary 

Overcome 

Perform 

Plurality 

Overtaken 

Performance 

Point 

67 

PRE                                   PSA                                RAP 

Point  of  view 
Polarity 
Police  court 

President  of  the  U.  S. 
Pretend 
Pride,  particular 

Psalmist 
Public  opinion 
Publi-sh-ed  -cation 

Political 
Political  economy 
Political  principles 

Prime  minister 
Princip-al-le 
Private,  pervade  2,  proved  3 

Puerility 
Punctuality 
Pnuish-ment,  happen 

Poor 
Popular-ly 
Popularity 

Privilege-  d 
Probab-le-ly-ility 
Probation,  approbation  3 

Pure 
Purpose 
Pursue 

Portion,  apportion  3 
Position,  opposition  1 
Possess 

Proceed,  precede  1 
Procession,  precision  1 
Prodigality 

Pnt 
Put  it 

Putrify,  petrify  2 

Possessed 
Possession,  position  2 
Possibility 

Production 
Proficieu-t-cy 
Prohibition,  approbation  3 

Q. 

Possible 
Post 
Posterity 

Prominent,  permanent  2 
Promise,  premise  1 
Promote,  prompt  1,  permit  2 

Quality 
Quantity 
Quick 

Pound,  happened 
Poverty 
Practicab-le-ility 

Promotion,  permission  1 
Prompt,  permit  2  ,  promote  3 
Properly 

Quicken 
Quiet,  acquit  2,  acute  3 
Quite,  caught 

Practie-e-al 
Preach,  approach  2 
Precede,  proceed  2 

Property 
Proportion 
Proportionate 

Quite  agree 
Quite  as  well 
Quite  certain 

Precisely 
Precision,  procession  2 
Pre-eminent 

Proportioned 
Propose 
Propriety 

Quite  impossible 
Quite  possible 
Quite  satisfactory 

Prejudic-e-ial 
Prejudiced 
Preliminary 

Proscribe,  prescribe  1 
Proscription,  prescription  1 
Prosecute 

R. 

Premise,  promise  2 
Preparation,  appropriation  2 
Prepare 

Prosecution 
Prospective 
Prosperity 

Race,  raise,  rose 
Radiant,  ardent  3 
Railroad 

Prepared 
Presbyterian 
Prescribe,  proscribe  2 

Protection 
Proud 
Provide,  pervade  2,  proved  3 

Railroad  carriage 
Railroad  cars 
Railroad  station 

Prescription,  proscription  2 
Present 
Present  circumstances 

Providence 
Provident 
Providential 

Railway 
Ram.  reign,  run 
Rainy,  ruin  3 

Present  state 
Preserv-e-d  -ation 
President 

68 

Prussia 
Prussian,  operation 
Psalm,  consume 

Raise,  rise  1 
Ran,  run  2 
Rapid,  repeat  1 

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EEL                              KEW                              SAL 

Rapidity 
Rare,  roar,  rear  1 
Rascality 

Religion 
Religious 
Relinquish 

Rhetoric 
Rhode  Island 
Rice,  race  2,  rouso  3 

Rate,  wrote,  right  1 
Rather,  are  there 
Ration 

Remark,  Mr. 
Remarkable 
Remember,  member 

Ride,  reed 
Right,  wrote  2,  root  3 
Right  Honorable 

Rational 
Rationality 
Raw,  rye,  ray  2,  rue  3 

Remembrance 
Render 
Rendered 

Right  Honorable  Sir 
Right  or  wrong 
Right  Rev. 

Ray,  row  (v.) 
Read  (v.) 
Read  (part.) 

Renewed 
Rent,  rend 
Repealed,  repelled  2 

Right  Rev.  Bishop 
Righteous 
Rise,  raise  2 

Reader 
Readiness,  redness 
Rear,  roar  2 

Repeat,  rapid  2,  repute  3 
Reporting  style 
Represent-ed 

Rivers,  reverse 
Roar,  rear  1 
Root,  right  1,  rate  2 

Recess 
Recipient,  respond 
Recognise 

Representation 
Representatives 
Republic-an  -ation 

Round 
Rouse,  raise  2 
Row  (sub.),  row  (».)  2 

Recommend 
Recommended 
Redeemed 

Resembl-e-d  -ance 
Resignation 
Resistible 

Rude,  read  (part.)  2 
Ruin,  rainy  2 
Ruined 

Redeemer 
Redemption 
Redness,  readiness 

Resolution 
Respect-ed  -ive 
Respond,  recipient 

Ruinous 
Run,  rain,  ran  3 
Rural 

Reed,  ride 

Reflect 
Reflected 

Respons-e  -ible 
Rest,  roast,  rust 
Resurrection 

S. 

Reflection 
Reform 
Reformation 

Resurrection  of  Christ 
Retort 
Retreat 

Sabre,  sober 
Sack 
Sacked 

Regard,  regret  2 
Regency,  urgency 
Regeneration 

Retrospect-ive 
Return 
Returned 

Sacred,  secret  1 
Sad,  said  2 
Sadder,  consider  2 

Regret,  regard  3 
Regular 
Regularity 

Revelation,  revolution  3 
Revelled,  reviled  1 
Revenue 

Safe,  is  for 
Sage,  suggest 
Said 

Regulate 
Regulation 

Reign,  rain,  rein 

Reverend 
Reverse,  rivers 
Reviled,  revelled  2 

Sailed,  sold 
Saith 
Sake 

Relate 
Relation 
Relative 

Revolution,  revelation  2 
Reward 
Rewarded 

Salary 
Sale,  sell 
Salt,  slight 
61 

SEC                                SEP                              SHO 

Salubrity,  celebrity  2 
Salutary,  solitary  2 
Salvation 

Seclusion 
Secondly 
Secret,  sacred  2 

Serene 
Serious 
Seriously 

Same 
Sample,  simple  1 
Sanatory 

Secretary  of  State 
Sect 
Sectarian 

Served,  surveyed 
Servility 
Session 

Sanction 
Sanctuary 
Sand,  sound 

Secularity 
Secure 
Secured 

Sessional 
Set,  sight  1,  sat  3 
Several,  save 

Sang 
Satisfaction 
Satisf-y-ied-actory 

Sedate 
Sedition 
See,  sea,  sigh 

Shall,  shalt 
Shall  be 
Shall  not  be 

Saturday 
Save,  several 
Saved 

See  that  it  is 
See  that  there  is 
See  you 

Shall  there 
Shall  there  be 
Shan't 

Savior 
Savior  of  the  world 
Saw 

Seed,  side 
Seeing 
Seek 

Shaped,  shipped  1 
She,  wish 
She  is,  wishes 

Saw  you 

Say 
Say  so 

Seem,  seam 
Seemed 
Seen 

Sheet,  wished 
Shine,  shone 
Shipped,  shaped  2 

Say  to  them 
Saying 
Says,  so  as 

Seer,  sire 
Sees,  seas,  cease 
Sees  to  it 

Shirt,  short  1 
Shoe,  issue 
Shoot 

Scene,  seen,  sign 
Scholar 
School 

Seeth 
Seethe 
Seize,  size 

Short 
Short  distance 
Short  space  of  time 

School  master 
Science,  essence  2 
Scientific 

Seized 
Selfish 
Selfishness 

Shorthand  shortened 
Short-sightedness 
Should 

Scot 
Scotland 
Scripture 

Sell,  sale 
Senator,  centre 
Send,  sound  3 

Should  be 
Should  be  able  to 
Should  be  done 

Scrutiny 
Sea,  see 
Seal,  soil 

Sensib-le-ility 
Sensuality 
Sent,  cent,  scent 

Should  do 
Should  have 
Should  not  be 

Seam,  seem 
Seamed 
Sear,  sore  2,  sour  3 

Sentence 
Sentiment 
Separate 

Should  not  do 
Should  not  have  been 
Should  not  say 

Seared 
Seat,  sight,  sought 
Secession 
62 

Separated 
Separation,  suppression  3 
September 

Should  not  think  that 
Should  the 
Should  think 

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Should  think  it  is  (or  ha  s  ) 
Should  think  there 
Should  think  there  were 

So  as  to  do 
So  as  to  have 
So  as  to  make 

Some  kind  or  other 
Some  one 
Some  one  or  other 

Show,  shall 
Shown,  shun,  shone  1 
Shunned 

So  as  to  make  it  plain 
So  as  to  receive 
So  it  is 

Some  reason  or  other 
Something 
Something  has  been 

Shut 
Side,  seed 
Siege 

So  it  rests 
So  it  seems  to  be 
So  little 

Something  has  been  done 
Something  or  other 
Sometimes 

Sift,  soft 
Sign,  seen 
Signed,  sinned 

So  many  as 
So  may  their  (or  there) 
So  much  as 

Somewhat,  smite 
Son,  sun,  soon  3 
Sou  ot  God 

Significance 
Significant 

Signification 

So  sure 
So  that 
So  that  it  is  impossible 

Son  of  Man 
Song,  sing 
Songster 

Signify 

Similar-ity 
Simpl-e-y,  sample  2 

So  the 
So  then 
So  there  can  be 

Soon 
Sooner,  sinner  1 
Soar,  seer  1 

Sin,  sign 
Since 

Since  that 

So  there  has  been 
So  there  is 
So  this 

Sorrow,  sorry 
Sort 
Sought,  seat 

Since  this 
Sinned,  signed 
Sinner,  sooner  3 

So  this  is 
So  very  little 
So  you  are 

Soul,  sale 
Sound,  sand,  send  2 
Sour,  sore  2 

Sing,  song 
Siug-le-ular-ularity 
Sire,  seer,  sore  2 

So  you  may 
So  you  will 
Soar,  sour  3 

Soured,  sword  2 
South 
South  America 

Situation 
Si/c.  seize 
Sized,  seized 

Sober,  sabre 
Sobered 
Social 

South  Carolina 
Speak 
Spccial-ly 

Slander,  sleuder  2 
Slur 

Smaller 

Socialism 
Socialist 
Society 

Speciality 
Spelling  Reform 
Spirit 

Smite,  somewhat 
Smoother 
Smother 

Soft 
Soil,  seal 
Soiled,  sealed 

Spirit  laud 
Spirit  of  Christ 
Spirit  of  God 

So,  sow  ('.'.) 
So  as  to 
So  as  to  appear 

Sojourn 
Sold,  sailed 
Solitary,  salutary  3 

Spirit  world 
Spiritual  -ity 
Spiritual  philosophy 

So  as  to  be 
So  as  to  become 
So  as  to  come 

Some,  same,  sum 
Some  account  or  other 
Some  caiise  or  other 

Spiritual  sense 
Spiritual  world 

Spite 
65 

STI                                SUB                                SUP 

Splendid 
Splendor 
Spoken 

Sticker 
Stiff,  stuff  2 
Still,  steal 

Substantiality 
Substitut-e-ed 
Success 

Spread 
Stable,  suitable  3 
Staff 

Stilled 
Sting,  stung  2 
Stir,  store 

Successful-ly 
Succession 
Successive 

Stag 
Stage 

Stagger 

Stirred,  stored 
Stitch 

Stitched 

Succour 
Succoured 
Such 

Staid,  stud 
Stake,  steak 
Staked 

Stitcher 
Stock 
Stocked 

Such  an 
Such  as  (or  is) 
Such  as  (or  is)  to  be 

Stale,  style  1 
Stamp 
Stand 

Stole,  stale 
Stood 
Stool,  stale  2 

Such  as  it  is 
Such  as  they  are 
Such  would  be 

Standard 
Star 
Starry 

Store,  stir 
Stored,  stirred 
Story 

Suffer 
Suffered 
Sufferer 

State 
Stated 
Stated  that 

Stove 
Stray,  external 
Strength 

Sufficient-ly 
Suggest-ed 
Suggestion 

Statement 
Statesm-an-en 
Station 

Strengthened 
Student 
Studied 

Suit 
Suitable,  2 
Sum,  same 

Stationary 
Statistics 
Stave 

Study,  steady 
Stuff,  stiff  1 
Stuffed 

Summary 
Summed 
Summon 

Stay,  set 
Stayed 
Stead,  stud 

Stump 
Stung,  sting  1 
Stupendous 

Summoned 
Sun,  son 
Sunday  school 

Steady,  study 
Steal,  still 
Steam 

Style,  still,  steal 
Styled 
Subject 

Superabundance 
Superabundant 
Superficial 

Steamed,  stemmed  2 
Steed,  stud  2 
Steer 

Subjection 
Subjugation 
Subjugated 

Superficiality 
Superfine 
Superintend 

Stem 
Stemmed 
Stereotype 

Subordinate 
Subordination 
Subscribe-d 

Superior 
Superiority 
Superlative 

Stereotyped 
Sterility 
Stick 
66 

Subscription 
Subscrvien-t-ce 
Substantial 

Superscription 
Superstition 
Supper 

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TEL                              TEA                              THE 

Support 
Suppose 
Supposed 

Tell  you 
Tells 
Tells  us 

That  they  were 
That  time 
That  we 

Supposition 
Suppress,  surprise  1 
Suppression,  separation  2 

Temper-ance-ate-ature 
Temperance  Society 
Temporality 

That  were 
That  which 
That  which  can  be 

Supreme 
Supreme  Court 
Sure 

Temptation 
Tenable 
Tend,  tent,  atoned 

That  which  can  not  be 
That  which  has  been 
That  which  is  not 

Sure  way 
Surprise,  suppress  3 
Surprised 

Tendency 
Tenement 
Tennessee 

That  which  will  , 
That  you 
That  you  are 

Surrender 
Surrendered 
Surround 

Test,  taste 
Testament 
Testimonial 

That  you  will 
That  your 
The 

Surrounded 
Surveyed,  served 
Sword,  soured  3 

Testimony 
Texas 
Than,  then  2 

The  other,  though  there  3 
The  other  day 
The  way  of  the  world 

Sycophant 
Symmetry,  cemetery  2 
Synonymous 

Thank,  hath,  youth 
Thank  you 
Thanksgiving 

Thee,  thy 
Their,  they  are 
Theism 

System 
Systematic 
Systematical 

That 
That  has  taken 
That  have 

Theist 
Them,  they 
Themselves,  this  is 

T. 

Tabernacle 
Take 
Take  care 

Take  into  consideration 
Take  it  down 
Take  part 

That  have  not 
That  is  (or  has) 
That  is  another  question 

That  is  not 
That  is  not  only 
That  is  only 

That  it  has  been 
That  it  is 
That  it  is  to  be 

Then,  than  3 
Theological 
Theology 

There,  their,  they  are 
There  are 
There  are  also 

There  are  many  things 
There  are  some 
There  can  be 

Take  place 
Takes  place 
Talent 

That  it  may  as  well 
That  it  stands 
That  such 

There  can  not  be 
There  could  be 
There  has  been 

Tartar 
Taste,  test 
Teetotal 

That  such  is  the  case 
That  that 
That  the 

There  is  (or  has) 
There  is  another  point 
There  is  another  subject 

Teetotaler 
Tell,  till 
Tell  us 

That  there  is 
That  there  may  be 
That  there  shall  be 

There  is  no  more  than 
There  is  no  more  time 
There  is  no  one 
69 

THI                               TIL                               TOW 

There  is  not 
There  is  some  reason 
There  is  very  little 

Think  you 
Think  you  may 
Third,  throughout  3 

Till  yon  come 
Time 
Tin 

There  shall  be 
There  there  (or  their) 
There  there  are 

This,  thus 
This  advantage 
This  circumstance 

Tint 
To 

To  a  great  extent 

There  there  ia 
There  was 
There  was  iiot 

This  day 
This  evening 
This  instance 

To  as  many  as 
To  be 
To  be  able  to 

There  will  be 
There  will  not  be 
There  would  be 

This  is,  themselves 
This  is  a  well  known  fact 
This  is  the 

To  be  able  to  make 
To  be  present 
To  be  saved 

There  would  not  be 
Therefore 
Therefore  there  is 

This  is  well  known 
This  is  your  opinion 
This  opinion 

To  be  there 
To  become 
To  church 

Thereto 
Thereupon 
These,  thyself 

This  passage 
This  time 
This  world 

To  come 
To  come  to 
To  do,  to  day 

These  instances 
These  circumstances 
These  things 

Thither,  the  other  2 
Those 
Thou,  though 

To  do  something 
To  eveiy  oiie 
To  have 

They,  them 
They  are 
They  are  not 

Though  there,  the  other  2 
Though  there  is 
Thought 

To  him,  to  whom  3 
To  his 
To  it 

They  do  (or  had) 
They  do  not 
They  had  had 

Thousand 
Thousand  dollars 
Three,  author  1 

To  love 
To  msikc 
To  make  it  clear 

They  had  not 
They  have 
They  have  been 

Three  times 
Throngh 
Through  their 

To  make  it  plain 
To  many  of  those  who 
To  our 

They  have  not 
They  might  not 
They  that 

Throughout,  third  2 
Thursday 
Thus,  this 

To  our  consideration 
To  our  own 
To  some 

They  were 
They  will 
Thin 

Thy,  thee 
Thyself,  these 
Till,  tell 

To  some  one 
To  some  extent 
To  take  it 

Thine,  within 
Thing,  Engl-and-ish 
Think,  oath 

Till  his 
Till  it 
Till  it  comes 

To  the 
To  the  world 
To  them 

Think  that 
Think  there 
Think  there  is  not 
70 

Till  it  has  been 
Till  it  is  done 
Till  you  are 

To  think  that 
To  those  that 
To  which 

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TUI                               UNQ                              YEN 

To  which  you  are  indebted 

Tune,  town 

Untied,  knotted  2,  united  3 

To  whom,  to  him  2 

Turn 

Until,  at  all 

To  you 

Turned 

Until  bis 

To  your 

Twist,  taste  2 

Until  it 

To  your  own 

Two,  too 

Until  it  has  been 

Today,  to  do 

Two  or  three 

Until  it  is 

Together,  go,  gave 

Until  it  is  done 

Toleration 

u. 

Until  you  are 

Tomorrow 

Up 

Too,  two 

Unable,  enable  2 

Upon,  open 

Too  little 

Unanimous,  anonymous  1 

Upon  it 

Too  much 

Unavoidable 

Upon  no  other  consideration 

Took  it  down 

Uncertain 

Upon  the 

Torment 
Touched,  attached  3 

Unclean,  incline 
Undefined 

Upon  them 
Upon  those  who  are 

Toward,  trade 

Under 

Upward 

Towards 

Under  the 

Urgency 

Towards  them 

Under  the  circumstances 

•n 
Us 

Towards  your 

Under  the  cir.  of  the  case 

Use  (s.) 

Town,  tune 

Understand 

Use  (v.) 

Trade,  toward 

Understood 

Used,  as  it  2 

Trader 

Undertake,  undertook 

Usual-ly 

Train 

Undertaken 

Utah 

Traitor 

Undoubted,  indebted  2 

Utterly,  truly  3 

Tranquillity 

Uneasy,  noisy  1 

Transcript 

Unexpect-ed-ly 

y 

Transcription 

Union,  noon 

T    • 

Transgress 

United,  untied  1,  knotted  2 

Vain,  heaven 

Transgression 

United  Kingdom 

Valiant,  violent  1 

Transubstantiation 

United  States 

Valid 

Treat,  tried,  trite 

United  States  of  America 

Validity 

Treatment 

Unity 

Valuable 

Trinity 

Universal 

Valuation 

True,  truth  2 

Universal  Church 

Value,  evil  2 

True  God 

Universal  happiness 

Valued 

Truly,  utterly  2 

Universality 

Van,  heaven  2 

Truth,  true  3 

Universe 

Vanished 

Truth  of  God 

University 

Vast,  vest  2 

Try,  internal 

Unkindness 

Vegetable 

Try  to 

Unparallelled 

Vegetarian 

Tuesday 
Tuition 

Unpopular 
Unquestiona-ble  -bly 

Venality 
Vend,  vent 
73 

VUL                              WEA                              WKM 

Vermont 
Versatility 
Version 

W. 

We  are  indebted 
We  are  never 
WTe  are  not 

Very 
Very  certain 
Very  good 

Waist,  waste,  west 
"Wake,  awake  3 
Waked,  awaked  3 

We  believe 
We  did  many  things 
We  did  not 

Very  great 
Very  much 
Very  near 

Waken,  awaken  3 
Wakened,  awakened  3 

Want 

We  do 
We  do  not 
We  do  not  think 

Very  soon 
Very  well 
Veterinary 

Wanted 
War 
Ward,  wart 

We  find 
We  found 
WTe  had 

Vice,  voice  1 
Vice  President 
Vice  versa 

Warehouse 
Warm 
Warn 

We  had  not 
We  had  the 
We  have 

View,  vow 
Viewed,  vowed 
Vindicate 

Warrant 
Warrior 
Wary,  weary  1 

We  have  not  had 
We  have  not  observed 
We  have  uot  seen 

Vindication 
Violation,  evolution  3 
Violence,  villains 

Was 

Was  as  it  should  be 
Was  neither 

We  have  said 
WTe  have  their 
We  have  their  sanction 

Violent,  valiant  2 
Virginia 
Virtue,  over 

Was  not 
"Was  not  so 
Was  not  there 

We  have  therefore 
We  may  as  well 
We  may  as  well  try 

Virtuous,  over  us 
Vision,  evasion  2 
Visionary 

Was  said 
Was  the 
Was  their  own 

We  may  be 
We  may  be  able  to 
We  may  be  sure 

Vitality 
Viva  voce 
Vocation,  avocation  3 

Was  there 
Was  to  be 

Wash,  wish 

We  may  have 
We  may  have  their 
We  may  mention 

Voice,  vice  2 
Void 
Volatility 

w«t 

Waste,  waist,  west 
Wasted 

We  may  never 
We  may  nevertheless 
We  may  not 

Volition,  violation  2 
Voluntary 
Voluntary  principle 

Watch,  each 
Watched 
Water 

We  may  perhaps 
We  may  seem 
We  may  therefore 

Volunteer 
Volunteered 
Voracious,  avaricious  3 

Way,  weigh 
Wavward 
We 

We  mean 
We  might 
We  might  as  well 

Vow,  view 
Vowed,  viewed 
Vulgarity 

We  are 
We  are  aware 
We  are  bound 

We  might  not 
We  must 
We  must  be 

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WHA                              WHE                              WHI 

We  must  therefore 
We  ought  to 
We  ought  to  be 

What  is  the  use  of 
What  say  you 
What  the 

Where  do  you 
Where  I  am 
Where  it  is  not 

We  shall 
We  shall  have 
We  think 

What  were 
What  would 
What  would  be 

Where  it  is  said 
Where  it  may  be 
Where  it  might 

We  think  there  is 
We  view 
We  were 

What  would  do 
Whatever 
Whatsoever 

Where  there  is  no 
Where  we  are 
Where  we  are  not 

We  will 
We  will  not 
We  wish 

When,  win,  wine 
When  I  am 
When  I  am  not 

Where  we  are  seen 
Whereas 
Whereas  it  is 

We  would 
Weaken,  waken  2 
Weakened,  wakened  2 

When  in  consequence 
When  in  the 
When  it  can 

Whereby 
Wherefore 
Wherefore  there  is 

Weary,  wary  2 
Wednesday 
Week,  weak 

When  it  is 
When  it  may  seem 
When  such  has  been 

Wherein 
Whereof 
Wheresoever 

Weep 
Well 
Went 

When  the 
When  there  has  (or  is) 
When  there  has  been 

Wheresoever  there  is 
Wherever 
Wherever  it  is 

Were 
Were  not 
Were  they 

When  there  is  any  thing 
When  there  is  no  more 
When  there  is  not 

Wherever  there  has  been 
Wherever  there  is  the 
Wherever  this  is 

Were  this 
Were  we 
Wesleyan  Society 

When  there  is  nothing 
When  this  is 
When  we  are 

Wherever  you  are 
Wherever  you  can 
Wherever  you  like 

West,  waste,  waist 
West  Indies 
What 

When  we  have 
When  we  may 
When  we  were 

Wherewith 
Whether,  weathei 
Whether  there  are 

What  are 
What  are  their 
What  are  their  reasons 

Whence,  once  2 
Whenever 
Whenever  it  is 

Whether  there  is 
Which 
Which  are 

What  are  your 
What  can  be  the  reason 
What  can  it  be 

Whenever  there  is  occasion 
Whenever  there  is  the 
Whenever  you  like 

Which  are  certainly 
Which  are  likely 
Which  are  necessary 

What  could  be 
What  could  not  possibly 
What  could  they  think 

Whenever  you  may 
Whensoever 
Whensoever  there 

Which  are  not 
Which  are  sufficient 
Which  can  be 

What  has  been 
What  if 
What  is  (or  boa) 

Where 
Where  are  they 
Where  are  we 

Which  could  be 
Which  had  had 
Which  has  (or  is)  not 
77 

WHO                              WIT                             WON 

Which  has  not  been 
Which  is  not  only 
Which  it  can  be 

Who  would 
Who  would  not  have 
Who  would  not  say 

With  his  sanction 
With  it 
With  its  owu 

Which  it  is  impossible 
Which  it  is  not 
Which  it  would 

Whole,  allow 
Whole  world 
Wholly,  lowly  2 

With  reference  to 
With  reference  to  the 
With  regard  to 

Which  it  would  have  been 
Which  it  would  no  doubt 
Which  it  would  not  be 

Whom 
Whomsoever 
WThose,  use  (v.) 

With  respect  to 
With  respect  to  the 
With  that 

Which  may 
Which  may  not 
Which  might  not 

Whosoever 
Why 
Wicked 

With  the 
With  them 
With  them  that  were 

Which  must  be 
Which  must  not  be  considerd 
Which  the 

Wield,  wild,  wilt 
WiU(«0a«  orprin.  verb) 
Will  (auxiliary  verb) 

With  themselves 
With  these 
With  this 

Which  will 
Which  will  be  done 
Which  will  make 

WU1  be 
Will  be  considered 
W7ill  be  found 

With  this  understanding 
With  those 
With  those  who  are 

Which  will  most  probably 
Which  would  be 
Which  would  not  have  been 

Will  have  done 
Will  have  not 
Will  their  own 

With  those  who  are  not 
With  which  it  has  been 
With  which  it  is  not 

Which  you  are  not 
Which  you  can 
While 

Will  there 
Will  therefore 
Will  there  never  be 

With  which  it  may  be 
With  which  it  may  nevless 
With  which  it  must  be 

Whilst 
Whimsicality 
Whither,  whether  2 

Willing 
Willingly 
Williii  guess 

With  which  you  are 
With  which  you  can 
With  which  you  may 

Who 
Who  are 
Who  are  not 

Wilt,  wield,  wild 
Win,  when,  wine 
Wisconsiu 

With  your 
With  your  owu 
With  your  sanction 

Who  can  be 
Who  has  been 
Who  have  not 

Wisdom 
Wisdom  of  God 
Wise 

Withdraw 
Within,  heathen 
Without,  that  1 

Who  is  it 
Who  is  that 
Who  is  this 

Wiser 
Wisest 
Wish,  she 

Without  doubt 
Without  such 
Withstood 

Who  know 
Who  know  nothing 
Who  may  be 

Wished,  sheet 
"Wisher,  sure  2 
Wishest 

Wituess 
Woman 
Women 

Who  may  not  be 
Who  was 
Who  were 

73 

With 
With  advantage 
With  his 

Women's  rights 
Wonder,  dear 
Wonderful 

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Wont 
Wool 
Word 

Writing 
Written 

WTrote,  rate 

You  must 
You  must  admit 
You  must  come 

Word  of  God 
Word  of  man 
Words  of  God 

Y. 

You  must  consider 
You  must  have 
You  must  improve 

Words  of  my  text 
Words  of  our  text 
Work 

Ye,  year,  years 
Yes 
Yesterday 

You  must  let  us 
You  must  not 
You  must  now 

Working  classes 
World 
World  above 

Yet 
Yield,  yielded 
You 

You  must  recollect  that 
You  will 
You  will  be  certain 

W  orld  of  fashion 
World  of  nature 
World  of  Spirits 

You  are 
You  are  able  to 
You  are  aware 

You  will  be  sure  to 
You  will  do 
You  will  have  been 

World  to  come 
Worship 
Worthy  member 

You  are  in 
You  are  not 
You  can 

You  will  not 
You  will  not  be 
You  will  not  have 

Would 
Would  be 
Would  come 

You  can  be 
You  cannot 
You  cannot  be 

Young,  language  2 
Your 
Your  mind 

Would  do 
Would  have  been 
Would  have  to  be 

You  cannot  have 
You  could 
You  could  not 

Your  own 
Yourself,  yours 
Yourselves 

Would  never 
Would  not  be  satisfied 
Would  not  have  said 

You  have 
You  have  not 
You  may 

Youth,  hath,  thank 
Youth's,  thanks 
Youths,  those 

Would  say 
Would  the 
Would  you 

You  may  as  well 
You  may  as  well  give  us 
You  may  as  well  try 

z. 

Wound 
Wounded 
Write,  writ,  wrought 

You  may  be 
You  may  now 
You  may  think 

Zeal 
Zealous 
Zest 

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REPORTING  EXERCISES. 


LESSON    I. 

1 .  I  Imve  not  seen  him  for  some  time.  2.  Yon  may  now  learn  any 
thing  you  desire.  3.  I  have  no  doubt  yon  will  succeed  in  any  thing 
you  undertake.  4.  I  am  sure  lie  considers  it  a  great  mistake.  5.  I 
understand  it  is  your  intention  to  remain  in  this  country.  6.  You 
will  have  little  to  do  unless  you  come  at  once.  7.  I  must  not  have 
my  mind  occupied  with  trifles.  8.  It  is  impossible  for  you  to  misun- 
derstand any  thing  I  have  said .  9.  It  is  most  important  that  it  should 
be  immediately  despatched.  10.  I  have  not  sent  any  thing  to  him  for 
several  months .  1 1 .  It  is  sometimes  impossible  to  learn  as  many  things 
as  you  may  desire.  12.  We  have  not  for  a  long  time  known  any 
thing  of  his  intentions.  13.  I  understand  it  is  your  determination 
to  return  with  them  immediately.  14.  I  have  no  disposition  to  misrep- 
resent the  circumstances  of  the  case.  15.  You  must  now  return  as 
soon  as  you  can.  16.  There  are  many  things  you  will  have  to  learn 
as  soon  as  you  are  able.  17.  I  think  he  is  in  the  right  and  I  am 
glad  of  it.  18.  I  fear  you  will  make  many  mistakes.  19.  As  far 
as  I  am  concerned  I  have  no  objection. 


86 

LESSON    II. 

1 .  How  many  years  have  you  lived  in  the  United  States  ?  2.  I  have 
lived  here  all  my  life.  3.  Let  us  do  something;  any  thing  is  better 
than  nothing.  4.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the  information  received  is 
correct.  5.  I  hope  you  will  in  all  things  conform  to  the  practices  of 
this  association.  6.  Do  not  confirm  yourselves  in  the  ways  of  mod- 
ern society.  7.  You  will  find  that  every  one  entertains  the  same  opin- 
ion on  this  question.  8.  We  have  at  last  found  that  he  is  not  to  be 
trusted.  9.  I  hope  you  will  at  least  give  me  credit  for  sincerity. 
10.  I  fear  you  will  have  to  send  to  Cincinnati  for  it.  11.  There  are 
many  things  you  will  be  called  upon  to  endure.  12.  You  will  have 
little  difficulty  in  accomplishing  anything  you  desire.  13.  I  am  sure 
you  will  receive  an  invitation  to  the  festival  if  you  are  in  town.  14. 
Be  sure  you  are  in  the  right,  then  go  ahead.  15.  We  have  received 
no  communication  from  him  for  several  months.  16.  It  does  not  sig- 
nify if  you  will  not  repeat  it.  17.  He  is  as  good  as  he  is  great,  and 
as  great  as  he  is  good.  18.  I  am  in  immediate  want  of  something  of 
this  kind.  19.  We  intend  to  have  nothing  more  to  do  with  it.  20.  I 
intend  to  remain  in  this  country  till  his  return.  21 .  There  is  no  ne- 
cecessity  for  you  to  mention  it  again.  22.  He  has  manifested  a  want 
of  honor  in  this  transaction.  23.  You  must  always  come  as  soon  as 
you  are  called.  24.  You  will  probably  obtain  a  situation  in  the  House 
of  Representatives. 


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89 
LESSON    III. 

1.  Do  that  which  is  right;  love  that  which  is  true.  2.  Be  fit  to  live 
that  you  may  be  fit  to  die.  3.  He  is  in  the  way  of  life  who  seeketh 
instruction.  4.  If  you  would  he  wise,  you  must  be  willing  to  be 
taught.  5.  When  a  man  admits  that  he  has  been  in  the  wrong,  it  is 
but  telling  you  in  other  words,  that  he  is  wiser  than  he  was.  6.  One 
thing  at  a  time,  and  that  done  well,  is  an  excellent  rule,  as  many  can 
tell.  7.  Think  of  that  which  is  good,  and  you  will  then  not  think  of 
that  which  is  evil.  8.  You  will  be  certain  to  reap  a  rich  reward  if  you 
are  faithful  to  the  end.  9.  It  is  better  to  be  wise  and  not  seem  so, 
than  to  seem  wise  and  not  be  so.  10.  Mankind  in  general  mistake 
difficulties  for  impossibilities;  this  is  the  difference  between  those 
who  succeed  and  those  who  do  not.  11.  Better  to  be  a  tortoise  on 
the  right  track  than  a  racer  on  the  wrong.  12.  He  that  never  chang- 
ed any  of  his  opinions,  never  corrected  any  of  his  mistakes.  13.  It 
is  difficult  for  the  rich  to  be  humble,  and  it  is  impossible  for  the 
proud  to  be  wise.  14.  We  should  never  seek  revenge  when  our 
enemy  is  powerful,  for  then  it  would  be  imprudent;  nor  when  he  i  a 
weak,  for  then  it  would  be  mean  and  cruel.  15.  There  are  many 
substitutes  for  temperance  and  exercise,  but  there  is  nothing  so  good 
as  the  things  themselves.  16.  It  is  impossible  to  make  some  people 
Understand  their  ignorance,  for  it  requires  knowledge  to  perceive  it, 
therefore  he  that  can  perceive  it,  hath  it  not. 


90 

LESSON    IV. 

1.  Neither  Ms  father  nor  his  mother  has  yet  arrived  in  this  coun- 
try. 2.  I  am  glad  it  is  your  intention  to  proceed  no  further  in 
this  matter.  3.  When  there  is  anything  to  be  done,  he  is  always 
most  willing  to  assist.  4.  I  think  there  will  be  ample  opportunity 
for  you  to  make  yourself  well  acquainted  with  the  practices  of  your 
profession.  5.  There  is  another  thing  which  must  be  taken  into 
consideration.  6.  I  think  there  is  no  necessity  for  you  to  proceed 
further  in  this  investigation.  7.  There  is  another  subject  to  which 
your  attention  must  be  directed.  8.  I  have  another  reason  for 
wishing  it  should  be  done  as  soon  as  possible.  9.  Are  there  as 
many  as  you  supposed  there  would  be?  10.  I  understood  there 
was  to  be  some  exhibition  today,  and  so  there  is  to  be.  11.  Will 
there  be  an  examination  today?  No,  it  will  be  deferred  till  another 
time.  12.  I  question  whether  the  trial  will  terminate  as  he  antici- 
pates. 13.  When  there  is  nothing  to  be  done  he  is  always  ready  to 
offer  his  services.  14.  Another  time  I  will  have  nothing  to  do  with 
it  if  there  are  to  be  so  many  present.  15.  Shall  there  be  anything 
done  to  prevent  this  intolerable  nuisance?  16.  There  is  another 
point  to  which  I  wish  to  call  your  attention.  17.  I  think  there 
will  be  no  further  occasion  for  your  services.  18.  I  think  there  is 
no  train  at  that  hour,  but  I  will  ascertain  whether  there  is  or  not. 
19.  What  are  their  reasons  for  so  doing,  I  am  at  a  loss  to  conceive. 


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93 

LESSON    V  . 

1.  There  is  no  necessity  for  anything  of  the  kind.  2.  We  shall 
have  an  opportunity  of  listening  to  his  explanation  of  the  circumstan- 
ces. 3.  He  has  a  great  opinion  of  the  dignity  of  his  ancestors. 
4.  You  must  be  aware  of  the  difficulties  that  stand  in  the  way  of  its 
accomplishment.  5.  It  is  possible  that  we  shall  be  able  to  learn 
several  particulars  of  the  case.  6.  The  annual  expenses  of  the  State 
are  estimated  at  $800  000.  7.  I  have  noticed  that  he  is  ashamed  of 
the  manners  of  his  associates.  8.  I  think  you  cannot  have  a  full 
appreciation  of  the  qualities  of  his  mind.  9.  The  entire  population 
of  the  empire  is  supposed  to  be  about  350,000,000.  10.  It  is  clear- 
ly ascertained  that  he  is  guilty  of  the  commission  of  this  crime. 
11.  I  shall  probably  send  you  a  specimen  of  the  productions  of  this 
locality.  12.  At  least  15,000  of  the  people  were  assembled  to  listen 
to  his  oration.  13.  I  think  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  this 
matter  should  be  properly  investigated.  14.  It  was  in  consideration 
of  the  services  rendered  our  cause  that  permission  was  granted. 
15.  The  discovery  of  the  art  of  printing  it  is  now  stated  was  made 
as  early  as  1428.  16.  The  cause  of  the  reduction  in  the  value  of 
the  property  is  attributed  to  vanous  circumstances.  17.  There  is  I 
think  no  necessity  for  a  renewal  of  the  application.  18.  Full 
particulars  of  the  late  fire  will  be  found  in  the  papers  of  to-day. 
19.  It  is  clear  that  he  does  not  intend  to  do  anything  of  the  kind. 


94 


LESSON    VI. 

1.  You  must  know  that  we  have  their  sanction  for  the  course  we 
have  taken.  2.  There  is  no  doubt  you  will  do  your  best  to  make 
it  clear.  3.  That  is  not  only  taken  away  but  there  are  many  things 
gone  with  it.  4.  There  is  another  question  to  be  taken  iuto  consid- 
eration before  the  case  is  disposed  of.  5.  We  must  be  kind  even  to 
those  who  are  our  enemies.  6.  You  may  as  well  try  to  have  it 
done  at  once.  7.  I  am  not  acquainted  with  the  means  by  which  it 
has  been  effected.  8.  There  are  some  men  who  never  seem  to 
learn  anything.  9.  I  fear  he  has  not  given  this  matter  due  consid- 
eration. 10.  I  will  from  time  to  time  inform  you  of  our  progress 
iu  this  part  of  the  world.  11.  I  think  it  is  a  pity  they  did  not 
know  their  own  interests  better  than  to  perpetrate  such  errors.  12. 
I  have  no  doubt  you  will  be  able  to  succeed  just  as  well  as  another. 
13.  I  think  you  may  labor  in  such  a  manner  as  to  give  general 
satisfaction.  14.  We  may  be  sure  that  such  an  event  will  not  be 
long  unknown.  15.  How  many  do  you  anticipate  will  be  present 
at  your  next  convention?  16.  We  have  been  at  some  trouble  in 
order  to  make  it  clear  to  every  comprehension.  17.  There  are 
many  who  seem  to  think  that  wealth  alone  can  purchase  happiness. 
18.  Let  us  consider  the  danger  to  which  you  are  exposed  every 
moment  of  your  lives.  19.  We  will  try  every  course  that  is  pos- 
rible  before  we  relinquish  our  designs. 


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97 
REPORT  OF  A  LECTURE  ON  "JOHN  BUNYAN  ", 

BY  GEORGE  UAWSON  ESd.,  M.  A. 
DELIVERED   IN   THE  TOWN   HALL,   BIRMINGHAM. 

It  was  a  curious  task  to  investigate  the  life  of  such  a  mail  as  John 
Buii vaii,- — oue  of  the  most  famous  the  world  had  ever  produced;  for, 

2  with  the  exception  of  the  Bible,  the  "Pilgrim's  Progress"  had  been 
more  widely   read  than   any  other  book,  had  been  translated  into 

3  more  languages,  had  pleased  the  scholar,  delighted  the  school-boy, 
was  read  by  the  peasant,  and  pondered  over  by  the  divine.    Knowing 

4  that  many  of  them  were  tolerably  ignorant  of  the  life  of  the  glorious 
old  tinker,  he  had  chosen  to  speak  of  the  noble  old  layman,  in  that  it 

5  was  pler.paut  to  him  to  vindicate  the  rights  of  the  layman.     He  knew 
there  was  a  musty,  mischievous  proverb,  which  said  that  the  cobbler 

6  should  stick  to  his  last.     If  it  meant  that  a  man  who  could  get  his 
living  by  mending  shoes  should  not  desert  that  to  make  poetiy,  good; 

7  but  when  it  was  said  by  professional  people,  duly  appointed,  called, 
and  consecrated,  that  no  man  could  preach  except  he  had  been  be- 

8  schooled  and  be-colleged  in  this  place  and  another,  he  opened  the 
great  book  of  history,  and  he  read  of  improper  people  doing  things, 
3  that  ought  not  to  have  done  them;  lay  folks  that  did  nobler  works 
thau  those  who  ought  to  have  done  them.     He  read  of  improper  tent 
13  makers,  poor  illiterate  fishermen,  that  did  the  greatest  and  noblest 
work  the  world  ever  saw.     The  best  fighting  and  singiug,  the  best 

11  preaching  and  writing,  had  been  done  by  crestless,  low-born,  dirty, 
ignoble,  hard-handed  people,  who  had  what  folks  called  a  mission, 

12  greater  than  the  church's  call;  and  among  the  long  bead-roll  of  such 
lay  people  was  John  Bunyan.     In  1628,  he  was  bom  at  Elstow,  near 

13  Bedford.     His  father  was  a  tinker,  and  Bunyan  took  to  the  heredit- 
ary trade.     A  man's  nature  depended  a  great  deal  on  the  atmosphere 

14  in  which  he  was  born.     Bunyan  came  into  life  when  the  grand- 
est struggle  in  which  this  land  was  engaged  was  about  to  come;  when 

15  the  incapable  and  wicked  Stuarts  were  trying  to  the  utmost  the  pa- 
tience of  the  people;  when  Puritanism  and  Republicanism  were  about 

16  to  teach  their  material  doctrines  upon  this  soil.     He  was  brought 
up  in  the  grim  and  bitter  order  of  God-fearing  Puritanism.     His  fa- 

17  ther  was  a  just,  severe,  Bible-reading,  much-praying  man — a  thor- 


98 


LECTURK    ON    BUM VAN. 


1  ough-paced  Puritan — a  lover  of  religious  liberty.     Buuyau  tinkered 
his  kettle  in  a  pious  atmosphere— growing  up  troubled  with  questions 

2  and  doubts  all  too  soon.     A-bout  his  boyhood  they  read  but  little. 
His  scholarship  was  slender,  and  it  leaked  away  from  him.     There 

3  had  been  much  debate  as  to  how  wicked  he  was:  whether  he  was  not 
as  Southey  said,  merely  a  blackguard,  or  a  sad,  graceless,  outrageous 

4  rip,  licentious  and  sinful.     There  were  two  parties  in  that  debate, 
one  taking  all  Bunyan's  self-accusing  as  true:  there  was  another  that 
6  denied  it.     But  there  were  also  two  courts;  the  coui-t  of  God's  law, 
or  conscience:  the  other,  the  court  of  law  or  public  opinion.     The 

6  Apostle  Paul  was,  he  said,  chief  of  sinners:  if  they  had  taken  him 
before  the  magistrate  upon  the  charge  he  could  have  rebutted  it  by 

7  proof .    In  the  other  court  he  would  have  fully  admitted  it.    Now,  ma- 
ny of  John  Bunyan's  bitter  speeches  against  himself  as  boy  and  young 

8  man,  must  be  interpreted  in  that  way.     A  drunkard  he  never  was; 
licentious  in  the  common  meaning  of  the  term  he  was  not.     When 

9  accused  of  being  a  gross  sinner  he  stoutly  denied  it.    He  catalogued 
his  short-comings.     He  said  he  was  a  town  swearer,  that  he  cursed 

10  and  swore  bitterly — so  much,  that  the  worst  woman  in  Bedford 
said  he  was  enough  to  corrupt  the  whole  town.     He  was  a  noisy,  dis- 
u  orderly,  ranting  kind  of  rip.     That  he  said  of  himself;  but  it  must 
be  remembered  that  in  that  time,  playing  at  cricket  and  lying  were 
12  often  regarded  as  breaking  part  of  the  same  tables.     That  was  Pu- 
ritanism.     They  had  the  two  tables  of  commandments  that  Moses 
u  gave,  and  twenty  more  of  their  own,  to  which  they   demanded  the 
same  respect.      Hence  he  found  Bunyan's  conscience  was  as  much 

14  wounded  by  playing  at  hookey  and  Sunday  bell  ringing  as  by  pro- 
fane swearing.     At  an  early   period  he  was  seized  with  incessant 

15  torment  of  soul.     With  weak  nerves — never  well  when  young — 
and  a  fiery  imagination,  a  conscience  over-refined   by  Puritanical 

16  scruples,  tormented  his  soul.     He  was  one  of  those  who  believed 
that  the  world  rested  on  awful  darkness  and  terrible  mysteries;  that 

17  God  was  a  reality  not  a  doctrine;  that  the  fire  of  Hell  was  as  real 
as  the  fire  upon  his  hearth;  the  Heavens  as  certain  and  real  as  the 

18  distant  Indies.    The  first  years  of  his  life  were  spent  fighting  devils 
like  Luther.    He  saw  the  devil  not  with  iris  and  pupil,  but  iu  a  more 

19  terrible  way, — with  the  eyes  of  his  soul.      Even  the  Bible  was  to 
him  a  torment  for  a  time.      He  made  every    text  a  demon.      He 

20  minded  no  punctuation,  he  took  scraps  of  the  book  even-where,  with 


b.  U. 

LAWYER 
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LECTURE    ON    BUNYAN.  101 

1  out  reference  to  other  than  its  literal  meaning.     These  things  re- 
membered,  Banyan's   speeches   might  he   understood.      No   event 

2  occurred  that  a  special   Providence  did  not  act  with  reference  to 
him.     His  dreams  even  to  him  were  real. 

3  Two  years  and  a  half  passed  away,  with  wrestling  of  body  and 
soul,  with  groans,  and  cries,  and  tears;  with  actual  and  visible  fight- 

4  ing  with  devils,  bandying  of  texts  damnatory  and  consolatory.     By 
and  bye,  a  man  induced  him  to  read  the  Bible,  and  naturally  enough 

5  he  turned  to  the  historical  part — to  the  histories  of  the  kings  of 
Judah.     He  became  a  reformed  character,  dropt  swearing  suddenly. 

6  At  nineteen  he  entered  the   army,    and  all  knew    which  side  he 
would  take  in  the  contest.    He  took  the  solemn  epic  side,  not  the  ditty 

7  and  lyrical  pail.     He  was  drawn  for  the  siege  of  Leicester,  but  a 
comrade  went  instead.     That  comrade  was  shot,  and  Bunyan  had  an- 

8  other  miraculous  escape.     He  became  a  moral,  but  was  not  yet  a 
religious  man.     He  thought  to  test  his  faith  by  working  a  miracle, 

9  but  he  had  misgivings  of  risking  his  salvation  on  his  own  power;  he 
would  rather  let  his  damnation  hang  upon  an  uncertainty;  so  he  did 

10  not  work  the  miracle.    In  this  doubt  he  went  to  Mr.  Gifford,  a  poor 
preacher  in  Bedford,  a  man  himself  of  strange  history — who,  from 

11  persecuting  the  Puritans   had  become  their  apostle — a  man  well 
fitted  to  deal  with  Bunyan's  scruples.    Bunyan  listened  to  his  preach - 

12  ing,  and  the  turmoil  of  his  soul   was  calmed.      He  progressed 
into  church  fellowship  amongst  the  Baptists,  and  as  his  graces  grew  he 

13  first  preached  privately,  after  many  solicitations,  and  then  in  public. 
But  before  that — at  nineteen — he  married.      Between   them  they 

14  could  scarcely  muster  a  trencher  or  a  spoon:  but  her  dowry — think 
of  it! — was  two  books — rare  things  in  those  times.     One  was  "The 

15  Plain  Man's  Way  to  Heaven,"  and  it  is  supposed  that  out  of  that 
he  drew  a  few  hints  for  his  "Pilgrim's  Progress.'1     She  was  a  godly 

16  well-conditioned  wife,  who  bore  him  several  children;  and  by  and 
bye  she  died.     Bunyan  then  was  a  preacher.     Episcopacy  had  raised 

17  its  head  again,  and  they  used  their  first  day  of  liberty  to  repay  the 
insults  of  Cromwell's  time — glorious  times,  of  which  the  worst  that 

18  could  be  said  was  that  it  was  a  day  of  psalm  singing  and  Bible 
reading.     The  best  that  could  be  said  of  the  time  that  followed,  was 

19  that  it  was  an  age  of  fiddlers,  buffoons,  strumpets,  and  all  sinners. 
In  that  day  the  godly  old  Nonconformists  were   persecuted  even    to 

20  death.     Eight  thousand  men  died  in  prison  during  that  old  black- 


102  LECTURE    ON    BUN  VAN. 


1  guard's  (Charles  II.)  reign.     And  under  what  banner?     The  right 
of  private  judgment.     Under  what  rallying  ciy  ?     The  right  of  read- 

2  ing  the  Bible.     When  next  there  was  any  stone  throwing,  let  them 
remember  the  eight  thousand  martyrs  that  died  in  that  time — the  time 

3  of  stupid  bullying  magistrates — of  wicked  insolent  prieste.     Well, 
after  five  years  of  preaching,  Bunyau  got  into  trouble.     A  warrant 

4  was  out  against  him,  and  he  was  warned  of  it,  and  against  preach- 
ing.     He  meditated  upon  it  in  the  garden,  but  he  determined  to 

5  preach.     He  thought  if  the  shepherd  ran,  what  would  the  sheep  do. 
He  did  preach,  and  the  constable  arrested  him,  took  him  before  a  stu- 

6  pid  grammar-breaking,  illogical  magistrate,  that  were  common  in 
those  days,  and  not  quite  extinct  in  the  present  time.      He  was  asked 

7  if  he  would  give  sureties,  and  he  would  be  released — the  surety  was 
that  he  should  not  preach  again;  but  he  would  not,  and  he  did  not. 

8  For  twelve  long  years  he  lay  in  the  damp,  dark,  Bedford  prison; 
but  he  had  a  good-tempered  jailer,  who  let  him  out  now  and  then  for 

9  a  day  to  preach,  or  let  him  go  home  and  spend  a  night.    He  always 
came  back  at  the  appointed  hour:  he  would  have  made  an  appoint- 

10  ment  with  death  and  kept  it  sacredly.     He  had  then  a  wife  and 
four  children:  one  of  them  blind,  "that  lay  nearest  his  heart;"  and 

11  for  them  in  prison  he  was  almost  tempted  to  sell  his  soul.     The 
great  womanly  heart  in  that  bold  daring  man  thought  of  that  beloved 

12  blind  child,  and  took  to  making  laces  and  tags  to  keep  his  family 
from  starvation  at  home.     There  too,  in  prison,  he  wrote  his  "Pil- 
u  grim's  Progress."     The  prison  work  of  mankind,  though  a  painful 
thing  was  a  great  and  glorious  theme  with  many  grand  recollections. 

14  Bunyan  was  at  length  set  free;  not  by  Bishop  Barlow,  as  some  had 
said,  but  by  one  of  the  noble  company  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

15  This  was  a  generous  act,  for  Buuyan  had  attacked  them  in  contro- 
versy with  bitter  coarseness.      He  found  his  houshold  affairs  in  sad 

16  disorder,  and  he  gave  up  tinkering  and  took  to  preaching.    Sixteen 
years  of  his  life  were  given  to  it,  aud  at  length  he  died,  at  sixty  years 

17  of  age,  and  was  buried  at  Bunhill  Fields,  London.     Mr.  Dawson 
then  touched  on  "The  Pilgrim's  Progress,"  quoting  the  opinions  of 

18  Dr.  Johnson,  Macaulay,  Coleridge,  and  Southey.  on  the  book,  and 
enumerating  the  translations  of  it  into  almost  every  language  under 

19  the  sun.       It  was  the  book  from  which  to  study  a  sound  English 
style — a  book  of  old  Saxon  language,  of  theology,  of  rhetoric,  of  poe- 

20  try,  of  romance — for  all  ages  and  for  all  faiths. 


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105 
"YOUNG  AMERICA." 

EXTRACT   FROM    A    FOURTH    OF   JULY    ORATION, 
BY  THE  HON.  EDWARD  EVERETT. 

1  Either  from  natural  ardor  of  temperament,  or  the  fervid  spirit  of 
youth,  or  impatience  caused  by  constant  meditation  on  the  abuses 

2  which  accumulate  in  most  human  concerns  in  the  lapse  of  time, 
'  Young  America '  thinks  that  everything  which  has  existed  for  a  con- 

3  siderable  time  is  an  abuse;  that,  consequently,  to  change,  is,  as  a 
matter  of  course,  to  reform; — to  innovate,  of  necessity,  an  improve- 

4  meiit.     He  does  not  consider  that  if  this  notion  is  carried  too  far 
it  becomes  suicidal;  that  it  condemns  his  own  measures,  and  justifies 

5  the  next  generation  in  sweeping  away  his  work  as  remorselessly  as 
he  is  disposed  to  sweep  away  the  work  of  his  predecessors.     [Cheers.] 

6  The  error,  Sir,  is  one  of  exaggeration  only.      Young  America  is  a 
very  honest  fellow — he  means  well,  but,  like  other  young  folks,  he  is 

7  sometimes  too  much  in  a  hurry.    [Laughter  and  cheers.]    He  needs 
the  curb,  occasionally,  as  we  old  ones,  perhaps,  still  more  frequently, 

8  need  the  spur.      [Laughter.]      There  is  a  principle  of  progress  in 
the  human  mind,  in  all  the  works  of  men's  hands,  in  all  associations 

9  and  communities,  from  the  village  club,  to  the  empire  that  embraces 
a  quarter  of  the  human  race,  in  all  political  institutions,  in  art,  litera- 

10  tare,  and  science,  and  most  especially  in  all  new  countries,  where 
it  must,  from  the  very  nature  of  the  case,  be  the  leading  and  govern - 

11  ing  principle.      [Great  cheers*.]      Who  can  compare  the  modern 
world,  its  condition,  its  arts,  its  institutions,  with  the  ancient  world, 

12  and  doubt  this;  the  daily  newspapers,  smoking  every  morning  from 
a  hundred  presses,  with  a  strip  of  hieroglyphics  on  the  side  of  an 

13  obelisk,  perplexing  the  world  with  its  dubious  import,  and  even 
that  found  out  within  the  last  thirty  years;  the  ocean  steamer  with 

14  the  row  galley,  creeping  timidly  round  the  shore;  the  railways  in 
the  United  States  alone,  without  mentioning  those  of  Europe,  with 

15  those  famous  Roman  paved  roads,  the  Appiau  and  Flaminian  way, 
which  our  railways  exceed  tenfold  in  extent,  to  say  nothing  of  their 

16  superiority  in  every  other  respect,  as  a  means  of  communication; 
the  printing  press,  driven  by  steam,  with  the  scribe's  toilsome  pen; 
u  the  electric  telegraph,  with  the  mail  coach,  the  post  horse,  the  ped- 


106  ORATION    BY    EVERETT. 


1  estriaii  courier;  and  above  all,  a  representative  republican  confeder- 
acy, extending  over  a  continent,  with  a  feudal  despotism  building  a 

2  rock  on  the  necks  of  a  people,  or  a  stormy  Grecian  democracy,  sub- 
sisting its  citizens  by  public  largess,  ostracising  all  good  men,  iusult- 

3  ing  and  oppressing  its  allies,  deeming  all  labor  servile,  and  rending 
its  own  vitals  within  the  circuit  of  the  city  walls  to  which  it  was  con- 

4  fined  —  who,  I  say,  can  make  this  comparison,  and  doubt  that  the 
principle  of  progress  is  as  deeply  seated  in  our  nature  as  the  princi- 

5  pie  of  conservatism,  and  that  true  practical  wisdom  and  high  nation- 
al policy  reside  in  a  due  admixture  and  joint  action  of  the  two? — 

6  (Enthusiastic  applause.)     Now,  sir,  this  was  the  wisdom  of  the  men 
of  '76.     This  is  the  lesson  of  the  Fourth  of  July;  this  is  the  oracle 

7  which  speaks  to  us  from  the  shrines  of  this  consecrated  hall.     (Great 
cheering.)     If  we  study  the  writings  of  the  men  of  that  day,  we  find 

8  that  they  treated  the  cause  of  civil  liberty,  not  only  as  one  of  justice 
and  right,  of  sentiment  and  feeling,  but  also  as  one  of  history  and 

9  tradition,  of  charters  and  laws.     (Cheers.)     They  not  only  looked 
to  the  future,  but  they  explored  the  past.  They  built  wisely  and  skill- 

10  fully  in  such  sort,  that  after  times  might  extend  the  stately  front  of 
the  temple  of  freedom,  and  enlarge  its  spacious  courts,  and  pile  its 
"  stories  arch  above  arch,  and  gallery  above  gallery,  to  the  heavens, — 
(great  cheers;)  but  they  dug  the  foundations  deep  down  to  the  eternal 
12  rock — the  town,  the  school,  the  militia,  the  church;  these  were  the 
four  comers  on  which  they  reared  the  edifice. — (Enthusiastic  cheers.) 

\Ve  live  at  an  era  as  eventful,  in  my  judgment,  as  '76,  although 
in  a  different  way.  "We  have  no  foreign  yoke  to  throw  off;  but  in 
14  the  discharge  of  the  duty  devolved  upon  us  by  Providence,  we  have 
to  carry  the  republican  independence  which  our  fathers  achieved,  with 
lo  all  the  organized  institutions  of  an  enlightened  community — insti- 
tutions of  religion,  law.  education,  charity,  art,  and  all  the  thousand 
16  graces  of  the  highest  culture  —  beyond  the  Missouri,  beyond  the 
Sierra  Nevada;  perhaps,  in  time,  around  the  circuit  of  the  Antilles; 
'•  perhaps  to  the  Archipelagoes  of  the  Central  Pacific.  (Great  cheer- 
ing.) The  pioneers  are  ou  the  way:  who  cau  tell  how  far  and  fast 

18  they  will  travel?     "Who  that  compares  the  North  America  of  1753, 
but  a  century  ago,  and  numbering  but  a  million  of  souls  of  Euro- 

19  pean  origin;  or  still  more,  the  North  America  of  1653,  when  there 
was  certainly  not  a  fifth  of  that  number; — who  that  compares  this 

20  with  the  North  America  of  1853  with  its  population  of  twenty-two 


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ORATION    BY    EVERETT.  109 

1  millions  of  European  origin,  and  its  thirty  one  States,  will  venture 
to  assign  limits  to  our  growth — will  dare  to  compute  the  time-table 

2  of  our  railway  progress,  or  lift  so  much  as  a  corner  of  the  curtain 
that  hides  the  crowded  events  of  the  coming  century?     (Great  cheer- 

3  ing.)     This  only  we  can  plainly  see:  the  old  world  is  rocking  to  its 
foundations.      From  the  Gulf  of  Finland  to  the  Yellow  Sea,  every 

4  thing  is  shaken.     The  spirit  of  the  age  has  gone  forth  to  hold  his 
great  review,  and  the  kings  of  the  earth  are  moved  to  meet  him  at  his 

5  coming.      (Cheers.)     The  band  which  holds  the  great  powers  of 
Europe  together  in  one  political  league,   is  strained  to  its  utmost 

6  tension.     The  catastrophe  may,  for  a  while,  be  staved  off,  but  to  all 
appearance,  they  are  hurrying  to  the  verge  of  one  of  those  conflicts, 

7  which,  like  those  of  Pharsalia  and  Actium,  affect  the  condition  of 
states  for  twice  ten  centuries.     (Sensation.)     The  Turkish  empire, 

8  encamped  but  for  four  centuries  on  the  frontiers  of  Europe,  and  the 
Chinese  monarchy,  contemporary  with  David  and  Solomon,  are  alike 

9  crumbling.     While  these  events  are  passing  in  the  Old  World,  a 
tide  of  emigration,  which  has  no  parallel  in  history,  is  pouring  west- 

10  ward  across  the  Atlantic,  and  eastward  across  the  Pacific,  to  our 
shores.     The  real  political  vitality  of  the  world  seems  moving  to  the 

11  new  hemisphere,  whose  condition  and  fortunes  it  devolves  upon  us 
and  our  children  to  mould  and  regulate.     (Great  cheering.)     Sir,  it 

12  is  a  grand,  let  me  say  a  solemn  thought,  well  calculated  to  still 
the  passions  of  the  day,  and  to  elevate  us  above  the  paltry  strife  of 

13  parties.     (Applause.)     It  teaches  us  that  we  are  called  to  the  high- 
est, and  I  do  verily  believe  the  most  momentous  trust  that  ever  de- 

14  volved   upon  one  generation  of   men.       Let  us  meet  it  with  a 
corresponding  temper  and  purpose;  with  the  wisdom  of  a  well-in. 

15  structed  purpose;  with  the  foresight  and  preparation  of  a  glorious 
future;  not  on  the  narrow  platforms  of  party  policy  and  temporary 

16  expediency,  but  in  the  broad  and  comprehensive  spirit  of  '76. 
(Great  and  long  continued  cheering.) 


110 

ADDRESS  OF  REV.  E.  H.  CHAPIN, 

AT   THE   NEW-YORK    HORTICULTURAL   EXHIBITION; 
SEPTEMBER  29th.    1853. 

I  The  Rev.  Mr.  Chapin,  on  being  introduced  to  the  audience,  moun- 
ted a  table  laden  with  rare  flowers,  and  spoke  as  follows  :  — 

2  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:    I  was  invited  to  address  you  this  evening 
and  without  having  had  much  time  given  me  for  preparation,  I  can 

3  assure  you  that  you  will  not  be  bored  with  any  set  speech;  indeed  I 
am  but  ill-prepared  for  any  effort,  having  but  just  returned  from  a 

4  long  and  fatiguing  journey. 

The  fact  that  we  are  an  intensely  practical  people,  is  matter  either 

5  of  reproach,  or  of  commendation,  according  to  the  critic's  point  of 
view.     It  is  a  characteristic  natural  to  our  position  and  our  history. 

6  Thrown  recently  upon  a  primeval  soil,  we  have  had,  in  many  re- 
spects, to  perform  the  initial  -work  of  civilization.    We  have  been 

7  obliged  to  fell  forests,  clear  farms,  bridge  rivers,  and  build  cities. 
And,  then,  just  as  we  had  acquired  a  place  among  the  nations  of  the 

8  earth,  and  were  casting  about  for  some  method  of  employing  our 
energies,  these  marvellous  material  agents,  steam  and  electricity,  were 

9  set  in  play,  challenging  all  our  young  enterprise,  and  creating  for 
onr  vast  resources   world-wide  facilities.      And  one  may  be  easily 

10  tempted  to  overlook  onr  internal  absorption  in  wondering  at   the 
glory  of  our  achievement.      Old  as  the  theme  is,  it  always  comes  to 

II  us  with  a  force  ever  fresh,  ever  new;  this  result  eclipsing  the  fabled 
achievements  of  romance.     To  think  in  how  short  a  time  man  has 

12  subdued  nature,  and  transformed  it  to  the  conceptions  of  his  genius; 
to  think  how  rapidly  a  great  people  has  overspread  a  continent,  and 

13  outstripped  the  dynasties  of  a  thousand  years;  and  how  the  wilder- 
ness has  blossomed  into  towns,  and  the  insignificant  colonial  sea-ports 

14  are  now  shadowing  every  bay  with  their  sails,  and  enclosing  the 
commerce  of  the  globe  in  a  chain  of  ships;  to  think  of  this  one  city 

15  which,  in  the  historian's  measurement,  was  but  yesterday  a  green 
silence  reposing  at  the  gate  of  the  sea,  and  to-day  this  cosmopolitan 

16  life  rashes  through  its  veins,  and  the  nations  of  the  earth  make  it 
a  theatre  for  the  splendid  rivalry  of  industry  and  art. 

But,  on  the  other  hand,  it  cannot  be  denied  that  we  are  justly 
exposed  to  the  charge  of  an  excessive  materialism.    We  are  over-busy 


*N    .    -1    V  -TX  ...      -Sr    .) 


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ADDRESS    OF    CHAPIN.  113 

1  and  over-anxious.     It  is  remarked  that  in  the  countenances  of  au 
American  audience  there  is  apt  to  prevail  an  intense,  care-worn  ex- 

2  pression.     "\Ve  enjoy  our  amusements  in  rather  a  solemn  way,  and 
in  almost  any  assemblage  you  will  find  rows  of  faces  that  have  a 

3  dollar  and  ceut  stamp  fixed  upon  them.     Whatever  may  be  said  in 
behalf  of  the  glorious  achievements  of  our  time,  and  the  great  interests 

4  of  the  week-day  world,  we  cannot  help  perceiving  the  dangers  that 
are  involved  in  these,  and  therefore  the  great  need  of  counteracting 

5  influences. 

Those  who  in  the  spirit  of  this  utilitarian  age,  ask  the  practical 

6  benefit  of  an  institution  such  as  this,  can  be  most  easily  answered. 
The  utility  of  fruits  and  flowers !     Is  there,  can  there  be,  any  limit 

7  to  what  has  been,  and  what  will  be  said,  in  all  ages,  and  the  wide 
world  over,  of  their  tender  and  beneficent  ministries?     So  lovely  in 

8  their  use,  so  useful  in  their  loveliness,  are  these 

"Daffodils 

That  come  before  the  swallow  dares,  and  tint 
The  winds  oi  March  with  beauty.    Violets  dim, 
But  sweeter  Uian  the  lids  of  Juno's  eyes 
Or  Cytherea's  breath." 

I  There  are  two  kinds  or  methods  of  utility.     The  one  is  obvious 
and  direct;  it  turns  out  palpably  before  us  in  dollars  and  cents,  in 
10  bread  and  clothing,  and  a  good  many  recognize  no  utility  but  this. 

But  there  is  a  kind  of  utility  that  comes  in  the  way  of  general  cul- 

II  ture;  it  does  not  make  us  richer  or  more  successful  in  any  one 
definite  shape,  but  ennobles  nud  enlarges  our  entire  nature. 

tt      Consider,  too,  the  suggestive  influence  of  plants  and  flowers. 
They  have  a  power  in  this  way  in  the  city  that  they  do  not  exercise 

13  even  in  the  country.      The  power  and  charm  of  contrast.      The 
little  flower  that  sprang  up  through  the  hard  pavement  of  Picciola's 

14  prison,  was  beautiful  from  contrast  with  the  dreary  sterility  which 
surrounded  it.      So  here,  amid  rough  walls,  are  these  fresh  tokens  of 

15  nature.     And  oh!  the  beautiful  lessons  which  flowers  teach  to  chil- 
dren,  especially  in  the  city.       The  child  can  grasp  with  ease  the 

16  delicate  suggestions  of  flowers.      And  then  the  poor  seamstress, 
what  consolation  comes  to  her  from  the  little  box  of  mignionette  that 

17  stands  on  the  garret  window  ledge.      It  speaks  to  her  daily  of  the 
green  fields  far  away,  and  in  those  sunny  slopes  of  May  her  sadness 

18  is  forgotten,  and  it  may  be  that  by  its  influence  her  virtue  lives 
sanctified  and  preserved.     [Cheers.]     It  tells  her,  that  that  Provi- 


114  ADDRESS    OF   CHAPIN. 


1  dence  which  so  solicitously  ministers  to  the  little  plant,  will  not 
forget  the  children  of  penury. 

2  Let  me  say  in  closing,  that  I  would  urge  the  cultivation,  and 
the  public  exhibition  of  flowers  especially,  because  they  are  not  en- 

3  tirely  what  is  called  "practically  useful;''  there  is  in  them  an  influ- 
ence and  a  charm  like  that  which  pertains  to  the  splendors  of  sunset, 

4  the  autumnal  tints,  and  the  shadows  that  sail  over  the  everlasting 
hills.     "We  need  this  unworldly  attraction.     "We  need  to  be  lifted  up 

5  by  the  suggestion  that  we  are  not  all  dust  and  ashes,  or  made  for 
material  ends — by  the  suggestion  of  something  indefinite,  something 

6  inexpressible,  with  which   we  are  allied,  and  to  which  we  tend, 
but  which  now  we  caimot  completely  grasp.     Let  us  be  thankful 

7  for  this  unmarketable  excellence,  which  is  scattered  so  freely  abroad. 
Let  us  be  thankful  for  the  possession  of  these  flowers,  whose  fra- 

8  gnmce  sweetens  the  laborer's  toil,  and  whose  glory  lines  the  trav- 
eller's way,  thankful  for  this  unmeasured,  indefinable  beauty  that 

9  saturates  the  universe;  that  flows  among  the  stem  realities  of  our 
lot,  glows  through  the  smoke  of  the  furnace,  clings  to  the  furrow, 

10  and  overhangs  the  rough  quarry,  to  show  us  that  grand  as  the  con- 
ception is,  life  is  not  all  for  work,  and  that  rebukes  that  mere  science 

11  which,  stripping  the  veils  from  nature,  reveals  it  as  only  a  stupen- 
dous and  austere  machine. 

12  Flowers,  though  born  of  earth,  we  may  well  believe. — if  anj  thing 
of  earthly  soil  grows  in  the  higher  realm — if  any  of  its  methods  are 

13  continued — if  any  of  its  forms  are  identical  there,  will  live  on  the 
bauks  of  the  River  of  Life.     Flowers!  that  in  all  our  gladness,  in  all 

14  our  sorrow,  are  never  incongruous — always  appropriate.     Appro- 
priate in  the   church,  as   expressive   of  its  purest  and  most  social 

15  themes,  and  blending  their  sweetness  with  the  incense  of  prayer. 
Appropriate  in  the  joy  of  the  marriage  hour,  in  the  loneliness  of  the 

16  sick-room,  and  crowning  with  prophecy  the  foreheads  of  the  dead. 
They  give  completeness  to  the  associations  of  childhood;  and  are 

*'  appropriate  even  by  the  side  of  old  age,  strangely  as  their  freshness 
contrasts  with  the  wrinkles  and  the  gray  hairs;  for  still  they  are 
18  suggestive,  they  are  symbolical  of  the  soul's  perpetual  youth,  the 
inward  blossoming  of  immortality,  the  amaranthine  crown.  In  their 
13  presence  we  feel  that  when  the  body  shall  drop  as  a  withered  calyx, 
the  soul  shall  go  forth  like  a  winged  seed.  [Loud  applause.] 


115 


-Y  -1-  -    '    "..x-^S\   \.  A    ^ 

^-v-f'    s^    _   N    /^     s    ^-^    ""V^  ,    f~^,    ^~ 
j    ,     /   —    '     -   '^    ^    .     r   \.^. 
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v^ 


I  .  <J. 


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v. 


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r  l^ 


116 


ky  ^L^  .  i\,ossutk  » 


117 
SPEECH  OF  M.  KOSSUTH, 

AT   THE    LONDON    TAVERN.    MAY    16,    1853; 

On  the  presentation  of  a  copy  of  Shakspere's  works,   the  product  of  a 
penny  subscription  by  10,000  of  the  working  classes  of  England. 

LORD    DUDLEY    STUART   IN   THE    CHAIR. 

M.  Kossuth  came  forward  amid  great  cheering,  and,  after  mount- 
ing a  chair  in  obedience  to  the  calls  of  the  meeting,  said : 

Having  upon  serious  consideration  of  time  and  circumstances,  al- 
ready before  my  return  from  America,  decided  not  to  speak  any  more 
publicly  in  England,  I  lost  so  much  the  ease  of  style  and  habit  of 
oratory ,  that  I  scarcely  can  forbear  to  feel  embarrassed  like  a  debu- 
tant, in  venturing  with  my  broken  English  once  more  to  offend  the 
language  in  which  a  Shaktpere  wrote  and  Douglas  Jerrold  has  just 
charmed  my  ears.  I  fear  the  melody  of  its  tunes  will  break  at  the 
fibres  of  my  unwieldy  tongue,  like  the  chords  of  a  harp  under  the 
metallic  fingers  of  an  irou  hand.  ["No,"  and  cheers.]  My  Lord.  I 
have  here  received  this  evening  a  precious  addition  to  the  numerous 
tokens  of  friendship  and  sympathy  to  my  country,  with  which  peo- 
ple of  different  climates,  different  in  origin,  in  language,  religious 
worship,  habits,  and  political  organization,  have  honored  me;  tokens 
worthy  to  adorn  the  national  hall  of  new-born  Hungary  when  once  the 
trials  of  national  misfortune  shall  pass.  [Cheers.]  And  may  I  sink 
or  swim,  may  I  live  or  die,  I  trust  to  God  they  will  be  placed  there, 
to  stand  as  uicmorials  of  the  brotherly  tie  which  unites  the  national 
members  of  mankind  in  one  common  family,  which  has  one  common 
.Father  there  above.  [Cheers.]  The  works  of  Shakspero — a  valua- 
ble treasure  by  the  artistical  execution  itself,  a  noble  specimen  'of 
English  typographic  art — the  works  of  Shakspere,  of  that  mighty  ge- 
nius which  cast  its  rays  of  instruction,  ennobling  sentiments,  and  of 
heart-burning  delight  through  centuries  past,  and  centuries  to  come 
— those  bright  rays  which  pierce  triumphantly  even  the  gloom  of  our 
too  material  age,  and  the  lustre  of  which  but  grows  more  radiant  as 
age  after  age  showers  its  darkness  upon  the  grave  of  his  mortal  re- 
mains !  [Cheers.]  Why,,  my  Lord,  there  are  associations  of  such  com- 
prehensive nature  attached  to  this  gift,  that  though  it  were  the  gift  of 
one  single  generous  friend,  it  would  deserve  to  be  taken  for  a  treasure 
and  valued  as  such.  But  the  merit  of  this  gift  is  not  compassed  with- 
in these;  there  is  a  point  yet,  the  chief  one,  the  sound  of  which  will 


118  SPEECH    OF    M.    KOSSUTH. 


gladden  many  a  sad  heart  on  the  hanks  of  the  Danube,  in  my  far  na- 
tive laud,  and  that  point,  uiy  Lord,  is,  that  these  works  of  Shakspere, 
here,  are  the  gift  of  10,000  English  working  men!  Why,  my  Lord, 
that  looks  like  something  of  public  opinion,  I  dare  say.  Penny  by 
penny,  ennobled  by  the  noblest  title  of  property,  hard,  honest  work, 
is  a  revelati0n  of  the  people  of  England's  feelings.  [Cheers.]  To  be 
sure  those  10,000  working  men,  who  thus  honor  me.  are  not  yet  the 
people  of  England.  [Cheers.]  My  Lord,  that  I  know,  but  they  are 
from  the  people,  bone  from  its  bone,  and  blood  from  its  blood,  who 
think  and  feel  as  the  people  does,  and  cannot  otherwise  think  and 
feel  but  just  as  the  people  does;  the  people  which  in  its  uncorruptt-d 
spontaneous  manifestations,  was,  is,  and  always  will  be.  the  purest 
revelation  of  mankind's  divine  origin  [cheers;]  the  people  which,  with 
its  plain,  natural  aspirations,  often  points  out  a  better  direction  of  pol- 
icy, and  is  a  more  reliable  guide  to  the  most  learned  politicians  than 
all  the  contorted  sophistry  of  twisted  imagination  [cheers],  like  as 
Shakspere  has  drawn  from  the  limpid  source  of  nature,  more  truth, 
more  beauty,  and  a  more  instructive  philosophy  than  all  the  scholastic 
controversy  of  his  age  could  have  taught  him.  [Cheers.] 

The  name  of  Shakspere  carries  back  my  memory  as  far  as  1837. 
For  having  dared  to  claim  my  lawful  right,  1  was  in  prison  till  the 
voice  of  my  nation's  universal  indignation  released  me.  For  mouths  I 
was  there  in  a  damp,  lonely  chamber,  seeing  neither  the  sky  nor  the 
earth,  with  none  of  those  iuexhaustible  consolations  which  bountiful 
nature  affords  to  misfortune  and  sufferings.  And  there  I  was  with- 
out a  book  to  read,  without  a  pen  to  write;  there  I  was  with  God.  with 
uiy  tranquil  conscience,  and  with  meditation  alone.  [Cheers.]  But 
it  is  fearful  to  he  thus  alone,  with  nothing  to  arrest  the  musing  eye. 
Imagination  raises  its  dreadful  wings,  aud  carries  the  iniiid  in  a  mag- 
netic flight  to  portentous  region?,  of  which  no  philosophy  has  ever 
dreamt.  I  gathered  up  all  the  strength  of  my  mind,  and  bade  it 
stop  that  dangerous  soaring.  [Cheers.]  It  was  done,  as  I  resolved, 
and  I  became  afraid  of  myself.  [Cheers.]  So  I  told  my  jailers  to 
give  me  something  to  read.  "Yes,"  answered  they  ."but  nothing  politi- 
cal." "Well,  give  me  Shakspere,  with  an  English  grammar  and 
a  dictionary;  that  you  will  take.  I  trust,  not  to  be  political."  "Of 
course  not,"  answered  they,  and  gave  it  to  me,  and  there  I  sat  mus- 
ius:  over  it.  For  months  it  was  a  sealed  book  to  me.  as  the  hiero- 
glyphs long  were  to  Champolion,  and  as  Layard's  Assyrian  monu- 


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V-  v    X 


SPEECH    OF    M.    KOSSUTH.  121 


ments  still  are.  But  at  last  the  light  spread  over  me,  and  I  drank 
in  full  cups,  with  never-quenched  thirst,  from  that  limpid  source  of 
delightful  instruction  and  of  instructive  delight.  Thus  I  learnt  the 
little  English  I  know.  But  I  learnt  something  more  besides.  I 
learnt  politics.  What!  politics  from  Shakspere?  Yes,  gentlemen. 
What  else  are  politics  than  philosophy  applied  to  the  government  of 
men.  and  what  is  philosophy  but  the  knowledge  of  nature  and  of  the 
human  heart;  and  who  ever  penetrated  deeper  into  the  recesses  of 
these  mysteries  than  did  Shakspere?  He  furnished  me  the  materials 
— contemplative  meditation  wrought  out  the  rest.  Years  passed  over 
my  head — years  full  of  strange  vicissitudes,  which,  amid  their  incess- 
ant, comprehensive  toils,  have  left  to  the  patriot,  to  the  publicist,  to 
the  legislator,  to  the  minister,  and  at  last  to  the  governor  occupied  to 
defend  his  country  against  the  unjust  attack  of  two  empires — has  left 
I  say.  no  time,  and  the  subsequent  exile  in  Turkey,  no  opportunity,  to 
renew  acquaintance  with  that  mute  but  eloquent  teacher  of  mine;  and 
I  really  thought  I  had  long  forgotten  the  little  of  your  language  I 
had  learned  from  him,  till  on  the  very  day  when  some  foreign  papers, 
with  malignant  scorn,  told  the  world  what  a  glorious  task  it  would 
be  for  Lord  Dudley  Stuart  to  carry  me,  on  my  arrival  in  England, 
from  town  to  town  like  a  strange  beast,  and  to  tire  out  his  own  elo- 
quence in  introducing  me  to  the  men  of  England,  to  whom  I  would 
bow  expressively  with  a  howling  growl,  like  a  full  blood  Indian  of 
the  far  West,  not  being  able  to  utter  one  English  word  [cheers] — on 
that  very  day,  I  say,  landing  at  Southampton,  my  kind  and  generous 
friend,  Mr.  Andrews,  took  me,  yet  half  sea-sick,  down  to  the  Com- 
mon Council  Hall,  and  bade  me  answer  to  the  welcome  I  was  honor- 
ed with.  I  really  shuddered  at  the  task;  but  the  genius  of  my  teach- 
er had  torn  the  veil  from  my  memory,  and  the  generous  forbearance 
of  Englishmen  bore  with  the  unwieldiness  of  my  ignorance.  [Cheers.] 
Since  that,  in  one  uninterrupted  series  of  eight  months  here,  and  in 
America,  from  New- York  to  St.  Louis  in  the  West,  thence  to  New 
Orleans  and  Mobile  in  the  South,  and  back  to  Massachusetts,  glorious 
by  the  universality  of  the  people's  education,  and  by  the  people's  gen- 
eral welfare,  I  had  to  speak  more  than  600  times.  I  had  to  speak  to 
city  magistrates,  to  delegations  of  cities  and  congregations,  to  the  Con- 
gress of  and  the  Legislatures  in  the  United  States,  and  to  thousands 
of  thousands  of  the  people  here  and  there.  I  had  to  answer  many  of 
the  most  eloquent  speakers  of  our  age,  before  the  accomplished  mas- 


122  SPEECH    OF    M.    KOSSUTH. 


tership  of  whom  my  orations  sniik  to  atomic  insignificance.  I  had 
to  speak  in  academic  halls,  where — to  use  the  words  of  an  American 
orator — eloquence  is  made  the  business  of  life;  in  vast  cities  which 
poured  out  by  hundred  thousands  their  people  to  hail  me;  in  those 
great  gathering  places  where  the  rivers  of  people  have  their  conflu- 
ence; and  millions  of  free  men  listened  to  my  stammering  voice;  and 
millions  of  free  men  cheered  these,  my  stammering  words,  till  at  last, 
after  all  excitement  long  ago  subsided — and  I  carefully  avoided  stir- 
ling  it  up  again — 9,000  English  working  men,  with  a  delicacy  nearly 
bordering  on  poetry,  honor  me  with  such  a  precious  testimony  of  their 
friendship  and  regard.  [Cheers.]  Why,  my  Lord,  has  all  this  oc- 
curred to  me  on  account  of  the  little  English  I  know,  or  in  compli- 
ment of  the  foreign  accent  which  dashingly  hurts  the  hearing  of 
Englishmen  ?  It  is  that  I  touched  a  chord  to  which  there  is  a  thrilling 
echo  m  the  breast  of  every  honest  man.  It  is  because  my  theme  was 
liberty,  the  very  name  of  which  is  enough  to  electrify  man's  heart,  and 
to  bring  tears  of  joy  or  tears  of  compassion  to  his  eyes.  It  was  be- 
cause I  spoke  of  my  country's  virtues  and  of  its  unmerited  misfortune, 
and  held  up  its  bleeding  image  to  the  world — a  theme  which  cannot 
L'.i  M  move  man's  heart,  to  make  his  blood  boil  up  with  execration 
against  tyranny,  and  with  hatred  against  injustice  and  despotism — 
a  theme  sad  enough  to  make  the  very  stones  in  the  street  cry  out  for 
compassion  and  for  sympathy.  [Cheers.]  The  best  thanks,  in  my 
opinion,  are  the  pledge  which  I  give  you  in  the  uame  of  my  beloved 
people,  that,  abiding  our  time,  we  will  endure  sufferings,  persecution, 
oppression,  but  we  will  not  despair.  [Cheers.]  No  adversities  shall 
bend  our  resolution  to  have  our  country  restored  to  its  national  rights; 
and  to  see  it  once  more  independent  and  free.  Tyrants  may  rage  in 
blind  fury  and  decimate  the  patriots  of  Hungary;  still,  the  day  of  re- 
tribution shall  come.  Yes,  my  Lord,  the  hangman's  rope  may  stifle 
the  curse  on  the  oppressor's  head,  [cheers]  which  is  mingled  with  the 
dyinir  victim's  last  prayer,  but  no  power  on  earth  can  prevent  that 
curse  from  falling  down  on  the  oppressor's  head  [cheers]  because  thare 
is  a  God  in  heaven  and  there  will  be  justice  on  earth.  [Cheers.]  The 
blood  from  the  patriot's  heart  spilt  at  the  tyrant's  command  may  del- 
uge the  soil  of  onr  fatherland,  and  dogs  may  lick  up  what  there  was 
mortal  in  that  blood,  but  no  power  on  earth  can  prevent  its  immortal 
atoms  from  mounting  to  Almighty  God — like  as  the  blood  of  Abel 
did  mount.  [Cheers.]  The  bodies  of  the  martyrs  may  rot  in  the  cold 


L  v 


*>  -  1 


X, 


6. 


'    51-  V  v  ,/  ~ 
C  -     -   V^>  ^      V    ' 


-  • 


\ 


• 


.  ).  i  l  Ti  v. 

~>     ^-     >•     I    ^     t    x-^  >    I   » 


\ 


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"^  C~  l  V  r 
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' 


SPEECH    OF    M.    KOSSUTH.  125 


grave,  a  meat  for  the  worms;  but  their  immortal  spirits  will  gather 
round  the  throne  of  the  Eternal,  praying  for  justice  to  their  down- 
trodden native  land;  and  there  they  stand,  and  their  name  is  legion. 
[Cheers.]  I  see  them  with  the  eyes  of  my  soul.  The  prisons  may  be 
filled  with  new  victims  day  by  day,  till  thieves  and  felons  have  to  be 
amnestied  to  get  a  place  for  persecuted  patriots.  Exiles  may  be  spread 
over  the  wide  world,  some  of  them  corrupted  by  long  distress,  others 
surrounded  by  lurking  spies;  and  the  people  at  home,  those  millions 
of  unnamed  demigods  with  immortal  souls,  and  with  sacred  aspira- 
tions in  their  souls — they  may  drag  silently  their  chains,  with  no  tears 
more  in  their  eyes,  its  source  being  outwept — with  no  curse  on  their 
lips  to  be  dressed  in  words,  for  'tis  too  deep.  [Cheers.]  All  this  may 
he  done — it  is — and  many  things  besides.  [Cheers.]  There  is  no 
power  on  earth  to  make  a  man  love  Ms  tyrant  and  hate  his  native  land 
— no  power  on  earth  to  make  Hungary  and  Italy  not  to  detest  and  ab- 
hor the  bloody,  perjurious  House  of  Austria.  [Loud  cheers. j  With 
that;  truth  before  our  eyes,  what  contemptible  mountebankery  it  is  to 
see  the  despots  and  their  helpmates  assuming  that,  were  it  not  for  some 
so  called  conspirators  Italy  would  love  Austrian  tyranny,  aud  Hun- 
gary would  get  reconciled  to  its  unutterable  sufferings  and  wrongs. 
Conspirators !  But  in  the  name  of  all  that  is  sacred  to  man,  those  op- 
pressors are  the  conspirators  against  God,  against  humanity,  against  the 
peace  of  the  world !  It  is  they  who  make  Europe  boil  like  a  volcano, 
and  the  Continent  quake  to  the  very  foundation  of  society!  I  beseech 
you  but  to  read  the  Declaration  of  Independence  of  Hungary.  I  will 
let  it  be  reprinted,  provided  it  be  lawful  in  England  to  print  it,  that 
it  may  be  recalled  to  the  memory  of  the  world.  [Laughter  and  cheers.] 
I  beseech  you  to  read  it,  aud  then  I  would  like  to  see  who  in  the  face 
of  high  Heaven  will  call  Francis  Joseph  "illustrious  youth,  the  hope  of 
his  people"  and  we  will  see  who  it  is  whom  the  uucormpted  and  incor- 
ruptible public  opinion  shall  call  a  traitor  and  a  conspirator.  [Cheers.] 
That  conspiracy  they  shall  never  arrest.  I  for  one  declare,  in  the  face  of 
high  Heaven,  that  enjoying  your  country's  protection,  [cheers]  I  cer- 
tainly desire  to  respect  scrupulously  your  country's  laws,  [cheers]  but 
so  long  as  there  is  life  in  me,  I  will  love  freedom,  I  will  remain  faithful 
to  my  fatherland,  and,  never  despairing  of  its  future,  will  continue  to 
watch  with  intense  solicitude  the  electric  spark  of  opportunity  from 
the  hands  of  bountiful  Providence,  to  catch  from  it  the  sacred  flame  of 
emancipation  from  lawless  oppression  which  my  country  is  suffering. 


to    the     Wlurd    Edition 


foT    f  and  v. 


'          18SO-51  , 

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escriptive  /\oatalogue 


Phonography,  or  Phonetic  Shorthand  is  the  invention  of 
ISAAC  PITMAN,  Esq.,  of  England.  It  is  a  system  of  writing  the  Eng- 
lish and  all  other  languages,  hy  means  of  a  PHILOSOPHIC  ALPHABET 
composed  of  the  simplest  geometrical  signs,  in  which  one  mark  is  used  to 
represent  one  and  invariably  the  same  sound  ;  the  result  of  which  is, 
that  Phonographic  writing  is  as  legible  as  the  common  longhand,  while 
it  may  be  written  six  times  as  fast.  This  system  although  so  recently 
discovered,  is  now  used  almost  exclusively  for  securing  verbatim  reports 
of  the  debates  in  the  American  Congress,  and  the  British  Houses  of 
Parliament.  It  has  been  introduced  into  many  of  the  leading  colleges 
and  schools  in  England  and  in  this  country,  and  from  its  utility  and 
importance  is  rapidly  gaining  the  position  of  a  regular  branch  of  study 
in  educational  establishments. 

"An  education  that  does  not  embrace  a  knowledge  of  Phonog- 
raphy," says  JOHN  HOWARD  TICK,  Esq.,  General  Superintendent  of 
the  St.  Louis  Public  Schools,  in  his  Annual  Report  for  1854,  "must 
be  regarded  as  incomplete,  and  short  of  the  wants  of  the  age.  and  I 
would  therefore  recommend  its  early  introduction  in  the  Grammar  and 
High  Schools,  as  one  of  the  regular  branches  of  study."  The  Rev. 
THOS.  HILL,  Chairman  of  the  School  Committee,  Waltham,  Mass., 
in  the  High  School  of  which  Phonography  has  been  introduced,  says: 


PHONOGRAPHIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


"It  should  be  taught  in  the  common  schools,  as  one  of  the  best  possible 
aids  in  obtaining  a  subsequent  education."  JOHN  S.  HART  Esq., 
Principal  of  the  Philadelphia  High  School,  writes,  "  Some  of  them 
[former  pupils  of  the  School]  not  yet  turned  of  twenty,  are  now 
making  more  money  by  Phonographic  lleportiug,  than  the  Principal 
of  the  High  School,  after  having  given  himself  for  more  than  twenty 
years  to  his  profession."  JUDGE  KANE,  of  Philadelphia,  remarks: 
"To  the  professional  man,  and  indeed  to  every  one  whose  pursuits 
in  life  call  upon  him  to  record  incidents  or  thought,  (and  whose  pursuits 
do  not  ?)  it  is  one  of  the  great  labor  saving  machines  of  the  age. 
Dr.  J.  W.  STONE,  Representative  in  the  Mass.  Legislature,  says:  "I 
deem  Phonography,  when  thoroughly  learned,  an  invaluable  adjunct  to 
education;  and  one  which  when  acquired  in  youth  would  not  be  parted 
within  manhood,  for  thousands  of  dollars."  Col.  BEXTON  thus  testifies 
to  the  value  of  Phonography;  "  Had  this  art  been  known  forty  years 
ago,  it  would  have  saved  me  twenty  years  of  hard  labor  !  " 

The  following  list  of  new  and  superior  works,  explanatory  and 
illustrative  of  Phonography,  are  edited  by  BE.NN  PITMAN,  (brother  to 
the  Inventor  of  the  art,)  who  has  had  a  more  lengthened  experience  in 
teaching  Phonography  than  any  other  person  living.  The  works  may 
be  obtained  at  the  Phonographic  Institute,  Cincinnati,  or  will  be 
sent  by  mail,  without  additional  charge. 

The   Manual  of   Phonography;    by  BENN  PITMAN. 

This  is  a  ne\r  treatise,  explanatory  of  the  art,  from  its  simplest 
rudiments  to  the  most  abbreviated  style  of  Phonographic  writing. 
It  comprises  some  valuable  features  not  heretofore  introduced  in 
any  English  or  American  Phonographic  work,  rendering  it  invaluable  to 
students  who  wish  to  easily  acquire,  and  correctly  practise  this  art. 
The  Manual  is  iutcrpaged  with  Phonographic  exercises,  engraved  in  a 
clear  and  attractive  style,  which  face  the  necessary  explanations  in  the 
common  print.  Price  50  cts.;  bound  in  cloth,  60  cts.,  roan,  75  cts. 

The  Reporter's  Manual  and  Vocabulary;  by  BENN 

PITMAN  and  R.  P.  PROSSER  ;  a  complete  guide  to  the  art  of  Verbatim 
Reporting.  This  work  is  clearly  and  beautifully  engraved,  and 
iiiterpaged  with  a  key  in  the  common  print.  It  consists,  1st,  Of  an 
exposition  of  every  principle  of  abbreviation  employed  in  Phono- 
graphic Reporting,  copiously  illustrated.  2d,  A  Vocabulary,  more  ex- 
tensive than  any  heretofore  published ;  with  every  Grammalogue, 


PHONOGRAPHIC  PUBLICATIONS. 


Contraction,  Phraseogram,  difficult  word  and  words  winch  may  be 
written  in  two  or  more  ways  (only  one  of  which  is  admissible), 
alphabetically  arranged.  3d,  A  series  of  Progressive  Lessons  in  Re- 
porting, whereby  the  student  is  gradually  led  from  the  simplest  to  the 
most  abbreviated  style  of  Phonographic  "Writing.  Price  75  cts.; 
handsomely  bound  in  muslin  $1.00. 

The  Phonographic  Magazine;  edited  and  engraved  on 
stone,  by  BENN  PITMAN.  A  monthly  Miscellany  of  Science,  News 
and  Entertainment.  This  work  is  written  in  the  Corresponding 
Style  of  Phonography,  introducing  the  simpler  Phraseography  of  the 
Reporting  Style.  Per  year,  in  advance,  $  1.00. 

The  Phonographic  Reporter;  edited  and  engraved  on 
stone,  by  BENN  PITMAN.  A  Monthly  Magazine  devoted  to  the  interests 
and  instruction  of  the  Phonographic  Reporter,  and  all  who  may  de- 
sire to  become  such.  Per  year,  in  advance,  $  1.00. 

CT  These  works  are  engraved  in  a  new  and  superior  style,  not  here- 
tofore attempted,  either  in  this  country  or  in  England;  and  are 
unmatched  for  beauty  and  clearness  of  outline.  They  are  invaluable 
to  every  Phonographer  who  wishes  to  thoroughly  learn  or  correctly 
practise  this  art.  That  they  may  be  judged  by  their  own  merits,  a 
specimen  will  be  sent  to  the  address  of  any  Phonographer  on  appli- 
cation for  the  same. 

The  Magazine  and  Reporter  for  1854.  A  few  volumes 

of  these  magazines  are  for  sale;  they  form  unique  and  interesting 
reading  books  of  nearly  200  pages  each.  Price  $1.25;  superior 
binding  $  1.50.  Magazine  and  Reporter  in  one  volume,  $2.50.  Pho- 
nographers  wishing  to  possess  these  first  volumes,  should  immediately 
obtain  them,  as  they  could  not  be  reproduced  except  at  the  cost 
of  several  thousand  dollars. 

Phonographic  Copy  Slips;  arranged  and  engraved  by 
BENX  PITMAN.  The  complete  system  of  Phonography,  is  here  pre- 
sented, progressively  arranged  in  a  series  of  exercises,  printed  on  supe- 
rior paper  and  forming  an  attractive  sheet,  20  by  26;  furnishing  an  ex- 
cellent means  of  self  instruction,  as  well  as  an  efficient  guide  to  the 
attainment  of  the  art  by  schools  and  classes.  Price  25  cts.  Sent 
by  mail  in  rolls  of  five,  thus  avoiding  creasing  and  injury,  $1.00;  in 
rolls  of  eleven,  $2.00. 


PHONOGRAPHIC  PUBLICATIONS. 


Phonographic  Envelopes;  containing  a  neatly  printed 
statement  of  the  nature  and  advantages  of  Phonography.  White 
paper,  good  quality,  in  packets  of  fifty,  25  cts.  Phonetic  Envelopes, 
with  a  statement  of  the  claims  and  importance  of  Phonetic  Printing, 
same  price. 

Gold  Pens  ;  manufactured  in  Cincinnati  expressly  for  Phono- 
graphic  writing,  and  well  adapted  also  for  the  ordinary  long  hand, 
$1.25.  Wifh  silver  extension  holder,  $2.00.  A  superior  pen,  best 
metal,  and  carefully  finished,  $  1 .50,  with  heavier  silver  holder,  reserve 
for  leads,  $  2.50. 

The  latter  are  good  pens,  and  purchasers  may  he  assured  of  receiv- 
ing an  equivalent  for  their  money  in  metal  and  labor. 

The  Commercial  Pen  ;  usually  called  the  barrel  pen  :  with 
ebony  holder.  This  is  a  splendid  pen;  just  such  as  the  great  Char- 
lemagne might  have  used,  had  he  been  able  to  write  his  name  instead 
of  stamping  it,  as  was  his  custom,  with  the  hilt  of  his  sword.  It  is 
especially  adapted  to  those  who  write  much,  hurriedly,  and  with  little 
care.  Price  $  3.80.  Largest  size,  $  4.00. 

Reporting  Covers  J  for  holding  reporting  paper;  with  elas- 
tic baud.  Sheep,  35  cts.  Turkey  Morocco,  75  cts. 

Reporting  Paper.  Double  line,  prepared  expressly  for  Pho- 
nographic reporting.  Per  quire  10  cts.  "When  ordering  please  state 
whether  for  pen  or  pencil  practice.  Tpgr  Post  paid  12  cents. 

Phonographic  Letter  Paper.  Double  line.  Per  quire, 
10  cts. 

Note  Or   Magazine  Paper.   Double  line.    Per  quire,  8  cts. 


^l® 

oAa 


honetic 


A  practical  and  vigorous  attempt  was  made  in  1844,  by  ISAAC  PIT- 
MAX  and  ALEX.  JOHN  ELLIS,  of  England,  to  realize  the  ideas  of  Dr. 
FEAXKLIN,  Sir  JOHN  HERSCHELL,  and  others,  in  the  construction  and 
appliance  of  a  Phonetic  Alphabet  for  the  representation  of  the  Eng- 
lish language.  After  years  of  experimenting,  in  this  country  as  well 
as  in  England,  and  an  expenditure  of  time  and  means  which  would 
appear  fabulous  to  those  who  are  not  aware  of  the  difficulties  that  have 
been  encountered,  an  alphabet  has  been  completed,  by  means  of  which 
the  sounds  of  the  language,  are,  as  it  were,  daguerreotyped;  so  that  a 
child,  or  an  adult  foreigner,  having  once  mastered  the  alphabet,  has  no 
greater  difficulty  in  correctly  pronouncing  any  word  that  may  be  pre- 
sented, though  it  be  for  the  first  time,  than  in  giving  the  name  of  a 
well  known  friend  on  seeing  his  faithfully  daguerreotyped  likeness. 

By  the  Phonetic  system  children  are  not  only  easily  and  pleasantly 
instructed  in  reading,  bat  they  acquire  a  clear,  precise  and  finished 
enunciation,  which  heretofore  has  been  grievously  overlooked.  The 
Phonetic  scheme,  moreover,  presents  the  easiest  and  speediest  means 
of  acquiring  the  ability  to  read  the  common,  or  Komanic  print.  It  has 
been  demonstrated  again  and  again,  in  private  teaching,  and  in  classes 
of  children  and  adults,  that  at  least  one  half  the  time  and  labor  devo- 
ted to  the  acquirement  of  reading  by  the  ordinary  print,  may  be  saved 
by  commencing  with  the  Phonetic. 

Parents  and  Teachers,  who  have  not  tried  this  new  method  of  in- 
structing their  little  charges  in  the  irksome  acquirement  of  reading,  can- 
not possibly  realize  the  ease  and  delight  attending  the  use  of  the  Pho- 
netic system. 

The  Phonetic  Primer;  by  BENN  PITMAN.  Several  new 
and  attractive  features  are  here  introduced.  It  is  copiously  illus- 
trated, and  a  new  type  is  employed,  cast  expressly  for  this  work, 


PHONETIC -PUBLICATIONS. 


which,  for  clearness  and  distinctness  has  not  been  equalled.  Illustra- 
tions are  also  introduced  for  teaching  elementary  forms,  and  the 
simple  rules  of  arithmetic.  Copious  explanations  for  parents  and  teach- 
ers are  given  in  the  common  print.  Price  10  cts. 

The  First  Phonetic  Reader;  by  BENN  PITMAN;  contain- 
ing simple  and  instructive  reading  lessons,  calculated  to  make 
children  cheerful,  thoughtful,  and  brave.  Price  15  c;  by  mail  20  cts. 

The  Transition  Reader ;  or  a  Course  of  Inductive  Ro- 
manic Reading  Lessons.  For  the  use  of  Phonetic  Readers  when 
learning  to  read  Romanically.  Price  15  cts;  by  mail  20  cts. 

Phonotypic  Chart ;  designed  and  arranged  by  BENN  PITMAN. 
A  new  and  handsome  chart  of  the  Phonetic  Alphabet,  for  Schools,  Col- 
leges, and  Literary  Institutions;  with  copious  explanations,  elocu- 
tionary exercises,  and  remarks  on  the  acquirement  of  a  good  delivery, 
in  the  common  print;  38  by  54.  Price  50  cts.  Mounted  on  canvas, 
with  rollers,  $1.50. 

Tablets.  The  letters  of  the  Phonetic  Alphabet  printed  on  thick 
card.  Price  20  cts. 


See  also  the  list  of  Phonetic  Publications  by  the  Messrs.  Longley. 


tuns. 

BENK  PITMAN  has  much  pleasure  in  referring  the  friends  of  Alphabetic 
Reform  to  the  following  list  of  Phonetic  Publications  issued  by  Messrs. 
Longley  Brothers,  168i  Vine  St.,  Cincinnati,  O. 

Type  of  the  Times;   A  literary  and  general  weekly  Newspaper,   partly 
in  the  phonetic  spelling,  devoted  to  all  the  best  interests  of  humanity. 
$2,00  per  year,  in  advance. 
Specimen  "copies  will  be  sent  gratuitously  to  any  address. 

Youth's  Friend;  An  illustrated  Monthly  Paper,  Devoted  to  the  Physi- 
cal, Moral  and  Intellectual  Improvement  of  the  young.  SOcts.  per  year; 
3  copies  $1,00;  10  copies  $3,00;  20  copies  $5,00. 

The  Transition  Reader;  by  Elias  Longley.  For  the  use  of  Pho- 
netic readers  when  learning  to  read  romanically.  Price,  15  cts.,  Post 
Paid  20  cts. 

New  Testament,  I2mo.,  cloth,  75  cts.,  Sheep, 85;  morocco,  gilt,  $1,50. 
Postage,  13cts, 

Biographies  of  the  Presidents;  by  F.  G.  Adams;  illustrated  with  their 
Portraits.  In  paper  covers,  40;  in  cloth,  gilt  lettering,  50.  Postage,  Bets. 

Money-Getting  and  Money-Spending,  by  L.  A.  Hine,  an  interesting, 
able,  and  reformatory  work.  In  papor,  25;  cloth,  40;  Postage,  Gets. 

Report  of  the  Philadelphia  High  School  on  Phonography.  This  is  the 
most  complete  and  over  powering  document  in  favor  of  the  phonogra- 
phic system  ever  published.  Price,  10  cts.  half  price  by  the  dozen. 

Report  on  Phonetic  Teaching,  by  the  Committee  of  the  Ohio  State 

Teacher's  Association.  16  pages;  3  cts.  single  copy,  and  20  cts.  per 
dozen,  by  mail;  $1,50  per  hundred. 

Proceedings  of  the  Third  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Ohio  Phonetic  As- 
sociation; containing  the  Address  of  Mr.  Benn  Pitman;  Report  on  the 
Bearings  of  Phonetics  on  Etymology;  one  on  the  importance  of  issu- 
ing the  Bible  in  Phonetic  print;  and  one  on  the  influence  which  the 
Practical  study  of  Phonetics  will  have  in  improving  the  Elocution  of 
public  speakers;  and  the  performers  of  Vocal  Music;  Report  of  the 
Ohio  Phonetic  Agent  for  the  year  of  1854;  the  Address  of  Mr.  Dentou. 
Price,  post  paid,  lOcts;  by  the  dozen,  50  cts. 

In  preparation,  A  Comprehensive  Phonetic  Dictionary;  by  Dan.  S. 
Srnalley.  450  pages  of  this  work  are  now  (April)  completed. 


EVERT  friend  of  the  Phonetic  Reform  should  interest  himself  in  the  sue 
cess  of  the 

AMERICAN  PHONETIC  JOURNAL, 

Edited  and  Published  by  R.  P,  Prosser.  A  monthly  Literary  Magazine 
of  forty-eight  pages  octavo,  stored  with  interesting  HISTORICAL  and 
MISCELLANEOUS  matter,  and  furnishing  a  Repository  of  ART,  SOEM-E, 
and  AGRICULTURE;  together  with  a  copius  fund  of  information  for  the 
general  reader.  It  is  neatly  printed  on  good  papor,  and  embellished 
each  month  with  a  Ste*l  or  Copper  Plate  Engraving.  Terms  $2.00 
per  year,  in  advance. 

The  Universal  Language,  by  William  White.  An  argument  for  a  Re- 
formed Orthography,  as  a  means  of  aiding  the  universal  diffusion  of  the 
English  Language.  In  Phonetic  spelling,  price,  10  cts. 

NEXT  to  Mr.  A.  J.  Ellis's  "Plea"  this  is  thu  best  argument  in  favor  of  a 
Phonetic  Orthography  yet  written. 


AMERICAN   PHONETIC    ASSOCIATION. 


BENN  PITMAN,  Phonographic  Institute,  Cincinnati,  0. 

JSecretavg.  (Eccasurer. 

ELIAS  LONOLEY,  Tine  St.,  Cincinnati,  0.  K.  P.  PROSSEB,  Cincinnati,  0. 

3Specutfbe  ffiommfttee. 

CHARLES  S.  ROTCE,  Plymouth,  Richland  Co.,  0. 

DR.  J.  W.  STONE,  Boston. 

DR.  ADAMS  JEWETT,  Dayton,  0. 

DR.  S.  D.  NEWBRO,  Lansing,  Mich. 

F.  G.  ADAMS,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

The  object  of  this  Association  is  the  union  and  co-operation  of  all  the 
friends  of  the  Writing  and  Printing  Keform  in  the  United  States,  Territo- 
ries and  Canadas,  for  the  promotion  of  their  common  cause. 

The  Association  was  organized  in  1849,  and  upwards  of  fifteen  hundred 
persons  have  been  enrolled  as  members. 

In  October,  1854,  the  constitution  was  submitted  to  the  members  of 
the  Association,  and  its  articles  amended,  when  the  above  officers  were 
elected  by  ballot. 

Any  person  may  become  a  member  of  this  Association  (see  Article  9)  who 
feels  an  interest  in  the  promotion  of  the  Writing  and  Printing  Keform, 
under  either  of  the  following  classes: 

1.  Those  who  write  Phonetic  Shorthand  legibly,  at  the  rate  of  100  words 
per  minute. 

2.  Those  who  write  the  same  system  in  the  ordinary  corresponding  style. 

3.  Those  who  write  Phonetic  Longhand. 

4.  Honorary  members,  who,  having  no  practical  acquaintance  with  the 
science  of  Phonetics,  yet  wish  to  lend  their  influence  in  securing  its  adoption. 

6.  Life-members. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  first  three  classes  to  promote  the  use  of  Pho- 
netic writing  and  printing,  by  correspondence,  and  otherwise  ;  and  to  con- 
tribute to  the  funds  of  the  Association  according  to  their  means  and  the 
interest  they  feel  in  the  cause. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  fourth  class,  who  have  no  practical  labors  to 
attend  to,  to  use  their  influence,  in  whatever  way  they  may  judge  most 
expedient,  in  promoting  the  interests  of  the  Reform,  and  to  contribute  to 
the  funds  of  the  Treasury  a  sum  of  not  less  than  $1.00  annually. 

Life  membership  may  be  obtained  by  paying  into  the  Treasury  the 
sum  of  $25. 

Application  for  membership  to  be  made  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Associa- 
tion, to  be  written  in  the  style  specified  for  the  use  of  the  class  which  the 
applicant  desires  to  join,  and  accompanied  with  an  appropriate  contri- 
bution. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


ForinL9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 


UNIVERSITY  ot  CALIFORNIA 

AT 
LOS  ANGELES 


Z56    Pitman  - 
P682r  The 


Z56 

P682r 

1855 


